Apparatus and methods of providing and receiving venue level transmissions and services

ABSTRACT

A venue-cast system and method for providing and receiving venue level transmissions and services, including discovery of a venue specific transmission by receiving an overhead signal from a non-venue network, extracting information for receiving the venue specific transmission from the overhead signal, and tuning to receive the venue specific transmission based on the extracted information. The venue level transmission may be provided and received in a manner that does not prevent an access terminal from receiving a local area or wide area transmission.

The present application is a divisional of commonly assigned, patentapplication Ser. No. 12/569,792 entitled “APPARATUS AND METHODS OFPROVIDING AND RECEIVING VENUE LEVEL TRANSMISSIONS AND SERVICES,” filedSep. 29, 2009, which itself claims priority to Provisional ApplicationNo. 61/101,545 entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING MOBILE TV TO AVENUE” filed Sep. 30, 2008, Provisional Application No. 61/106,409entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING MOBILE TV TO A VENUE” filedOct. 17, 2008, Provisional Application No. 61/108,828 entitled“INTEGRATED TERRESTRIAL BROADCAST AND LOCAL-AREA VENUE-CAST SERVICEOPERATION VIA ALTERNATIVE AIR-INTERFACE TECHNOLOGIES” filed Oct. 27,2008, Provisional Application No. 61/144,055 entitled “INTEGRATEDTERRESTRIAL BROADCAST AND LOCAL-AREA VENUE-CAST SERVICE OPERATION VIAALTERNATIVE AIR-INTERFACE TECHNOLOGIES” filed on Jan. 12, 2009, andProvisional Application No. 61/147,990 entitled “VENUE CASTING IN MUSICCONCERTS” filed Jan. 28, 2009, Provisional Application No. 61/101,992entitled “SERVICE AND APPLICATION MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK FORVENUE-SPECIFIC SERVICES” filed Oct. 1, 2008, Provisional Application No.61/101,994 entitled “DESIGN FOR IN-BAND VENUE-CAST OVER” filed Oct. 1,2008, each of which is assigned to the assignee hereof and the entirecontents of each of which are hereby expressly incorporated by referenceherein.

BACKGROUND

Electronic devices such as mobile telephone handsets and other terminalsmay be configured to receive a variety of multimedia content items, suchas sports, entertainment, informational programs, or other multimediacontent items via broadcast, multicast or unicast transmission.

Visitors to venues, such as theme parks, shopping malls, stadiums, tradeshows, conventions, campuses, cruise ships, concert halls, airports,museums, and fairs, have a plethora of options for attractions or itemsof interest within the venue. As such, these visitors often have adesire for venue related information. In traditional broadcasting, thesmallest addressable area of broadcast content is the Local-areaOperational Infrastructure (LOI), which covers a defined geographicalregion. For example, the smallest LOIs generally correspond to ametropolitan region. As with all broadcasts over a large geographicarea, difficulties arise in addressing content to consumers havingvarying interests within the large broadcast area. Therefore, there is aneed for a service that transmits content on a smaller, venue scale sothat venue specific information can be provided to venue visitors.

SUMMARY

The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects inorder to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary isnot an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intendedto neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nordelineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is topresent some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as aprelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

Aspects described in the application enable the benefits of broadcast tobe applied to smaller venues, such as an amusement park, concert hall,sporting event, shopping center, restaurant, airport, or museum.

Aspects include a method for discovery of a venue specific transmission,comprising receiving an overhead signal from a non-venue network;extracting information for receiving the venue specific transmissionfrom the overhead signal; and tuning to receive the venue specifictransmission based on the extracted information.

Aspects may further include the overhead signal being received from aBCMCS network or from a mobile broadcast network having a coverage areain which the venue is located.

Aspects may further include receiving the venue specific transmissionduring a first time slot in a mobile broadcast transmission, receiving atransmission from the non-venue network during a second time slot thatoverlaps and extends beyond the first time slot, receiving thetransmission from the non-venue network only on a reserved portion ofthe frequency band during the first time slot, receiving the venuespecific transmission on at least a portion of the frequency band,receiving a second overhead signal from a venue transmitter on thefrequency band, wherein further identification information for the venuespecific transmission is included within the second overhead signal,receiving a pilot positioning channel signal, wherein a first portion ofthe pilot positioning channel signal is received from the non-venuenetwork and a second portion of the pilot positioning channel signal isreceived from a venue transmitter, and/or detecting the availability ofa supplemental service guide, requesting the supplemental service guidevia one of a unicast, a scheduled multicast, and a scheduled broadcast.

The information for receiving the venue specific transmission includesinformation about the type of venue specific transmission and an energyratio for the venue specific transmission.

The overhead signal from the non-venue transmitter may be receivedduring a first time slot and the overhead signal from the venuetransmitter is received during a second time slot reserved for venuetransmission overhead information.

A portion of the pilot positioning channel may be reserved portion ofthe frequency band that is reserved for transmissions from the non-venuenetwork during an inactive state.

Aspects may further include storing information regarding the geographicboundary for the venue transmission, monitoring a current location, andwhen the current location is within the geographic boundary for thevenue transmission, searching for the venue transmission.

Aspects may further include receiving user input to search for a venuespecific transmission, and searching for service relating to venuespecific transmission in response to receiving the user input.

The extracted may include at least one of a frequency on which the venuetransmission is transmitted, a venue identifier, a type of venuetransmission, and information on obtaining a service guide for the venuetransmission.

Further aspects include an apparatus for receiving a venue specifictransmission, comprising means for receiving an overhead signal from anon-venue network; means for extracting information for receiving thevenue specific transmission from the overhead signal; and means fortuning to receive the venue specific transmission based on the extractedinformation.

Further aspects may include a computer program product, comprising: acomputer-readable medium comprising: code for causing a computer toreceive an overhead signal from a non-venue network; code for causing acomputer to extract information for receiving a venue specifictransmission from the overhead signal; and code for causing a computerto tune to receive the venue specific transmission based on theextracted information.

Further aspects may include apparatus for receiving a venue specifictransmission, comprising a receiver for receiving an overhead signalfrom a non-venue network; a processor for extracting information forreceiving the venue specific transmission from the overhead signal; anda communications component for tuning to receive the venue specifictransmission based on the extracted information

Further aspects may include the receiver being configured to receive thevenue specific transmission during a first time slot in a mobilebroadcast transmission; the receiver being configured to receive atransmission from the non-venue network during a second time slot thatoverlaps and extends beyond the first time slot; the receive receivingat least a portion of the non-venue network transmission and the venuespecific transmission on a frequency band, and being configured toreceive the transmission from the non-venue network only on a reservedportion of the frequency band during the first time slot; the overheadsignal being received on a frequency band, and the receiver beingconfigured to receive the venue specific transmission on at least aportion of the frequency band; the information for receiving the venuespecific transmission including information about the type of venuespecific transmission and an energy ratio for the venue specifictransmission; the receiver being configured to receive a second overheadsignal from a venue transmitter on the frequency band, wherein furtheridentification information for the venue specific transmission isincluded within the second overhead signal; the overhead signal from thenon-venue transmitter being received during a first time slot and theoverhead signal from the venue transmitter being received during asecond time slot reserved for venue transmission overhead information;the receiver being configured to receive a pilot positioning channelsignal, wherein a first portion of the pilot positioning channel signalis received from the non-venue network and a second portion of the pilotpositioning channel signal is received from a venue transmitter; a thirdportion of the pilot positioning channel being reserved portion of thefrequency band that is reserved for transmissions from the non-venuenetwork during an inactive state, and/or the extracted informationincluding at least one of a frequency on which the venue transmission istransmitted, a venue identifier, a type of venue transmission, andinformation on obtaining a service guide for the venue transmission.

The apparatus may further include memory storing information regardingthe geographic boundary for the venue transmission; a locationdetermination component configured to monitor a current location of theapparatus; a service detection component configured to search for thevenue specific transmission when the current location is within thegeographic boundary for the venue specific transmission; a userinterface to receive user input to search for a venue transmission; aservice detection component configured to search for service relating tovenue transmission in response to receiving the user input; and/or aservice guide component for detecting the availability of a supplementalservice guide.

The service guide component may be further configured to request asupplemental service guide via one of a unicast, a scheduled multicast,and a scheduled broadcast.

Aspects may further include a method of receiving venue specific contentat a mobile device, the method comprising: receiving informationregarding the availability of a venue transmission; extractinginformation for receiving the venue transmission; receiving the venuetransmission; decoding the content of the venue transmission; andproviding the decoded content for presentation at the mobile device.

Aspects may further include a method of transmitting venue specificcontent, the method comprising: receiving venue specific content from avenue content provider; and receiving information regarding a local areatransmission; and transmitting the venue specific content in combinationwith the local area transmission at a venue transmitter.

Aspects may further include a method of transmitting venue specificcontent to a venue coverage area, the method comprising: receiving venuespecific content from a content provider; and transmitting the venuespecific content to a venue coverage area via a static BroadcastMulticast Service (BCMCS).

Aspects may further include a method of wirelessly transmitting venuespecific content, the method comprising receiving venue specific contentfrom a content provider; providing overhead information to enable anaccess terminal to access the venue-specific content; and transmittingthe venue specific content to a plurality of access terminals within aboundary of the venue.

A method of planning a visit to a venue through the reception of a venuespecific transmission at a mobile device, the method comprisingreceiving a venue transmission of information regarding the availabilityof a plurality of attractions at the venue; receiving a venuetransmission with the wait time for each of the plurality of attractionsat the venue; creating a list of available attractions; determining afirst location of the mobile device within the venue; receive a userinput identifying desired attractions within the list of availableattractions; removing all attractions from the list, if the attractionwas not identified as a desired attraction; determining the timerequired to reach each desired attraction from the first location of themobile device; determining a total visit time for each desiredattraction by adding the time to reach the desired attraction to thereceived wait time; selecting a first attraction having the minimumtotal visit time; and displaying the selected attraction.

Aspects may further include a method of indicating that a venuededicated mobile device is outside the venue, the method comprising:storing a defined first geographic area in the mobile device, thegeographic area being within the venue; determining the geographiclocation of the mobile device; determining if the mobile device islocated within the defined first area; and signaling an alarm, if themobile device is determined to be within the defined first area.

Aspects may further include a method of indicating that a venuededicated mobile device is outside the venue, the method comprising:storing a defined central point of the venue; storing a definedperiphery of the venue; determining the geographic location of themobile device; determining if the mobile device is located between thecentral point and the defined periphery; and signaling an alarm, if themobile device is determined to not be between the central point and thedefined periphery.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or moreaspects comprise the features hereinafter fully described andparticularly pointed out in the claims. The following description andthe annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative featuresof the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, ofbut a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspectsmay be employed, and this description is intended to include all suchaspects and their equivalents.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The disclosed aspects will hereinafter be described in conjunction withthe appended drawings, provided to illustrate and not to limit thedisclosed aspects, wherein like designations denote like elements, andin which:

FIG. 1 depicts a block diagram of a mobile broadcast system enables avenue-cast service for consumers who use multi-mode mobile devices;

FIG. 2 depicts aspects of an exemplary system overview of a venue-casttransmission system;

FIG. 3 depicts a delivery hierarchical block diagram of mobile broadcastcontent sent via an air interface in terms of licensed or unlicensedspectrum allocation;

FIG. 4 depicts aspects of an exemplary venue-cast system without abackhaul;

FIGS. 5 and 6 depict a time, frequency diagram for time, frequencymultiplexing a venue-cast signal;

FIG. 7 depicts an exemplary superframe diagram according to aspects of acombined wide/local area and venue-cast transmission;

FIGS. 8-9 depicts an exemplary slot diagram for a combined wide/localarea and venue-cast transmission using time, frequency multiplexing;

FIG. 10 depicts an exemplary signal diagram for an in-band venue-castusing time, frequency multiplexing;

FIG. 11 depicts aspects of a venue-cast system having overlapping wide,local, and venue coverage areas;

FIG. 12 depicts aspects of an exemplary waveform diagram for a combinedvenue waveform with wide/local area transmission content;

FIG. 13 depicts aspects of an exemplary venue transmission system havingan over-the-air backhaul;

FIG. 14 depicts aspects of an exemplary venue transmission system havinga satellite/fiber optic backhaul;

FIG. 15 depicts aspects of an access terminal for receiving a venue-casttransmission;

FIG. 16 depicts aspects of a multiple input multiple output typevenue-cast system;

FIG. 17 depicts aspects of an exemplary venue-cast system includingtargeted content;

FIG. 18 depicts aspects of an exemplary venue-cast system;

FIG. 19 depicts aspects of an exemplary venue-cast system employing a 3Gnetwork;

FIG. 20 depicts aspects of an exemplary venue-cast system includingservice discovery aspects;

FIG. 21 depicts aspects of a network architecture for an exemplaryvenue-cast system;

FIG. 22 depicts aspects of an exemplary protocol stack and encapsulationstructure for file delivery over an exemplary venue-cast system;

FIG. 23 depicts aspects of an exemplary data structure for file deliveryover an exemplary venue-cast system;

FIGS. 24-25 depict aspects of exemplary data structure stacks for filedelivery over exemplary venue-cast systems;

FIG. 26 depicts aspects of a block diagram of an exemplary venue-castsystem that leverages use of a static BCMCS system;

FIG. 27 depicts aspects of a mobile communication system wherein adual-mode mobile device can receive a venue-cast data by an air linkfrom a venue-cast network and wide area content via a broadcast coveragearea from a wide area broadcast network;

FIG. 28 depicts aspects of a dual-mode mobile device that cansimultaneously or seamlessly alternate between receiving a wide-areabroadcast channels from a broadcast tower along with a wide-area serviceguide as well as receiving a venue-cast service guide from a venue-castaccess point (AP);

FIG. 29 depicts aspects of an exemplary user interface of a mobilecommunication device that provides a seamless user experience betweenthe wide area and venue-cast content while advantageously annotating thetypes of content;

FIG. 30 depicts a block diagram of an exemplary access terminal forreceiving a venue-cast transmission;

FIG. 31 depicts aspects of an exemplary implementation for discovery ofa venue-cast transmission service;

FIG. 32 depicts aspects of a state diagram for a mobile deviceparticipating in venue-casting;

FIG. 33 depicts aspects of an exemplary data structure for a serviceguide (SG) structure;

FIGS. 34-50 depict exemplary aspects of user interfaces for a venue-casttransmission system;

FIG. 51 depicts aspects of an exemplary venue-cast system including afeature for identifying attraction locations;

FIG. 52 depicts aspects of an exemplary visit planning application foruse with a venue-cast system;

FIG. 53 depicts aspects of an exemplary venue-cast system at a singleattraction venue;

FIGS. 54-55 depicts aspects of an exemplary security mechanism for avenue-cast system;

FIG. 56 depicts aspects of an exemplary key delivery mechanism for avenue-cast system;

FIG. 57 depicts service discovery aspects for discovering and receivingan exemplary venue-cast system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Visitors to venues are often interested in venue related information.The described aspects provide a transmission service on a geographicscale associated with the venue, thereby providing venue visitors withvenue-related information. As used herein, the term “venue” or the terms“geographic scale associated with a venue” mean a location at which anevent or local hotspot is present, or an area where a number of peoplegather for a common activity or interest. A venue transmission is alsoreferred to interchangeably herein as a venue-cast. A venue-cast systemmay include applications directed to the venue-specific information. Thevenue information may be either previously created information, liveinformation, or a combination of previously created information and liveinformation. The transmission may be targeted to dedicated devices thatmay be purpose built for the venue, to multipurpose wireless mobiledevices that can be used beyond a particular venue, or to a combinationof dedicated and multi-purpose devices.

The venue-cast system may transmit information via unicast, multicast,and/or broadcast. It is noted that broadcast provides spectralefficiencies over unicast or multicast, and can provide content to alarge number of users at a lower cost. Any of these technologies,however, may be applied in a venue-cast system.

As with all broadcasts over a large geographic area, difficulties arisein addressing content to consumers having varying interests within thebroadcast area. To enable broadcasts to address varying interests withinthe broadcast area, the described aspects provide a larger area deliveryof general content that is integrated with a smaller area delivery ofvenue-specific content. For example, the described aspects enhance theservice coverage of terrestrial mobile TV, as well as providingvalue-added service to mobile broadband services, such as 3G cdma2000.This type of event-based or venue-based service, referred to asvenue-cast, has the potential of becoming an attractive value-addedservice to current mobile broadcast customers.

The described aspects efficiently deliver the venue-cast content tomobile broadcast customers and enhance the user experience with a smoothintegration at a mobile device between venue-cast channels, such as maybe received from a WAN or hotspot technology, and broadcast channels,such as may be received from a mobile broadcast technology, includingbut not limited to a FLO channel in the MediaFLO™ system or otherwireless network broadcast technologies. MediaFLO™ technology isdescribed in further detail in “Flo™ Technology Overview” available viaFloforum at http://www.floforum.org/technology/MF_WP_TechOverview.pdfand “Mux to Transmit Station Interface (MTI) Document available viaFloforum at http://www.floforum.org, the entire contents of both ofwhich are herein incorporated by reference.

Various aspects are now described with reference to the drawings. In thefollowing description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specificdetails are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding ofone or more aspects. It may be evident, however, that such aspect(s) maybe practiced without these specific details.

With reference to FIG. 1, a mobile broadcast system 100 enables avenue-cast service 102 provided by a local data access point 118utilizing a unicast, multicast or broadcast technology to be integratedwith a broadcast service 112, such as a wide area broadcast service,provided by a media broadcast network 108, for consumers who usepurpose-built or multi-mode mobile devices 104. Also illustrated iscellular network 150 that transmits signal 151 to device 104. Forexample, some of the illustrative applications include mobile TV, mobileadvertisement, and up-to-date media distribution via clip-cast anddata-cast, and any venue- or location-specific content. In some aspects,for example, the venue-cast service may use a broadcast service such asa MediaFLO™ type broadcast. In other aspects, for example, thevenue-cast service 102 can leverage a static Broadcast and MulticastService (BCMCS). In other aspects, the venue-cast service 102 canleverage a cellular network 150. Alternatively or in addition,venue-cast service 102 can combine unicast, dynamic BCMCS, and adaptiveresource allocation to maximize air link efficiency, and enable dynamicon-site service features such as venue application download to enhanceservice flexibility.

Venue-cast content 125 is provided by venue-cast content provider 128 toaccess point 118, which transmits the venue-cast content 125 to one ormore mobile devices 104, for example, via a venue-cast channel 132.Further, efficient delivery of other area content 127 received from acontent provider 106 is managed by the media broadcast network (e.g.,the MediaFLO™ system) 108. A broadcast transmitter 110 transmits atransmission 112 containing broadcast content, such as mobile televisionchannels, to the mobile device 104. In one aspect, included in thismedia transmission 112 is one of a plurality of media channels 114(e.g., audio, video, etc.). In the venue coverage area 116, mobiledevice 104 is operable to receive, process, and switch between both thewide area channel(s) 114 and the venue-cast channel(s) 132, enabling auser to experience both the wide area content 127 as well as thevenue-cast content 125.

Thus, the described aspects enable mobile device 104 to provide aseamless user experience with access to venue-cast content 125 via aunicast, multicast or broadcast transmission, with wide area content 127via a different transmission.

In order to receive a venue-cast channel 132, the mobile device 104 isadvantageously augmented by a venue-cast discovery component 136 thatdetects the availability of a venue transmission, such as by detectingavailability of a venue supplemental service guide (SG) 138. Forexample, as part of periodically waking up to check for pages by a radioaccess network (RAN), such as the broadcast network 108, the mobiledevice 104 can also listen for an Internet Protocol (IP) packetindicating the availability of venue-specific transmissions, such asannouncing a current version of a venue supplemental service guide thatcan be requested via unicast or via a scheduled multicast or broadcast.If the mobile device 104 does not have the current version, for example,as determined based on a version number, then the mobile device 104 canobtain it based on the announcement. The mobile device 104 also mayreceive periodic updates to a broadcast network area service guide (SG)140, which, for example, may be broadcast by the transmitter 110. A SGintegration component 142 merges the information from the two SGs 138,140 to generate a combined service guide, accessible via a userinterface on mobile device 104, to provide a seamless user experience.In addition, a fast switch wide-area/venue switching component 144 keepsup-to-date on parameters for obtaining and presenting the venue-castchannel as well as the wide area broadcast channels, so that a user canrapidly switch between channels from the two different sources, in amanner similar to switching between two wide-area channels, which alsoenhances a seamless user experience.

Thus, the mobile broadcast system 100 delivers venue-cast service 102via a local area or venue-specific network wireless network 126, incombination with a media broadcast service 112 via a second network 108,such as but not limited to MediaFLO™ system or other wireless broadcastsystems, to users of multi-mode mobile devices 104 to provide anintegrated service experience. The underlying local area orvenue-specific network can be WAN or hotspot deployment providing atransmission received by multimode mobile device 104, for example, butnot limited to, a multi-mode cellular/WiFi and broadcast/MediaFLO™system terminal. Variations of the described system can also utilizeother transmission technologies with the benefit of aspects disclosedherein.

Further, in order to provide optimal user experience inapplication-level integration of venue and wide area channels, thedescribed aspects can provide efficient venue service discovery,efficient delivery of venue-cast content, seamless user interface (UI)operation with smooth channel switching between wide area and venueservices and seamless service guide integration at the terminal, andvenue-cast billing via subscription to one of the wide area packages orvia on-the-spot on-demand charging. Deployment of these aspects can thusbe localized broadcast in one cell, without interference from orinterfering with neighboring cells. Alternatively, deployment can belocalized broadcast over one tier of cells. As a further alternative,deployment can be localized broadcast over two tiers of cells. As yetanother alternative, deployment can employ a dedicated carrierdeployment.

FIG. 2 illustrates aspects of an exemplary system overview of avenue-cast system. FIG. 2 depicts a wide area infrastructure, such as anetwork management center 210, such a Network Operations Center thatmanages the transmission of a wide area content. For example, the widearea network management center 210 may transmit via satellite 211 or viaan IP network 212. Local Operations Infrastructure (LOI) component 213may receive the wide area transmission and insert local areainformation, thereby generating a combined transmission. This localcombined transmission is sent over a local area transmission system. Thelocal area transmission system may include a plurality of transmitters,such as 214 and 215.

The combined transmission may be created such that mobile device 216inside the LOI coverage area, receiving separate transmissions of thewide area transmission and the local area combined transmission, will beable to decode both transmissions without interference.

Venue system 220 provides a venue-cast coverage area located at leastpartially within LOI 213. The venue-cast system includes at least onetransmitter 221 at venue 220. Venue specific content is provided via avenue specific content feed 222 that may include real-time orpre-recorded content. The venue specific information is transmitted to acoverage area for the venue 220 via transmitter 221 in such a mannerthat it does not interfere with the reception of either the wide area orthe local area transmissions by an access terminal 223 located withinthe venue coverage area. For example, in one aspect, the venue system220 may receive either the wide or local area transmissions, such as viasatellite or over-the-air, and may insert the venue content and transmita venue-combined transmission.

The venue-cast system may include one or more of a locally situatedOperations Center (OC), cameras, datacast servers, and one or moretransmitters at the venue. The transmitters may transmit video, audio,and/or data streams. A video signal may include an audio component, verysimilar to a traditional TV model. An audio signal may be applied toviews from multiple cameras, or each camera may include individualaudio. The transmitters may be broadcast emitters, unicast emitters, andmulticast emitters. Broadcast emitters may broadcast video, audio,and/or data streams, for example, via UHF. A venue broadcast network mayinclude a one-way, linear, or looping format. The broadcast network maybe based on the MediaFLO™ service from QUALCOMM, Inc. of San Diego,Calif.

The venue transmission system may further include an on-site networkhaving an RF transmission subsystem including a power amplifier,transmitter, antenna, a modulator or exciter, an encoder, and/or amultiplexer. Additional on-site and off-site elements may be included inthe venue transmission system in order to support insertion,interactivity, network management, provisioning, conditional access, andbilling, as desired.

With reference to FIG. 3, one aspect of a delivery hierarchy 300 ofmobile broadcast content via an air interface 302 may be defined interms of allocation across licensed spectrum 304 and unlicensed spectrum308. It should be understood, however, that this is but one example, andthat venue-cast service may be delivered via a licensed and/orunlicensed spectrum. Licensed spectrum 304 can be grouped into twoclasses. A first class of broadcast technologies (“cellular”) 306 sharethe spectrum with unlicensed spectrum 308, such as wide-area network(WAN), often referred to as WiFi 310. Third-generation cellular class306 includes a 3GPP category 312 including MultimediaBroadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS) 314 and 3GPP2 category 316 such asBroadcast-Multicast Service (BCMCS) 318. In particular, in such 3Gsystems (cdma2000 EV-DO or W-CDMA High Speed Packet Access (HSPA)), afraction of the resource (time slots or code channels) are reserved fromthe WAN to deliver broadcast content. Examples of these technologiesinclude EV-DO BCMCS and W-CDMA MBMS. The second class of licensedbroadcast technologies provide content delivery over dedicated spectrumsvia terrestrial mobile TV 320, in which case the entire frequency bandis allocated to broadcast at all times. Examples of mobile TV 320include, but are not limited to, MediaFLO™, DVB-H, ISDB-T and/or T-DMBsystems 322. Given the similarity in spectrum allocation and usage amongthe broadcast with dedicated spectrum, it should be appreciated that useof the MediaFLO™ system in examples throughout this document isillustrative and can be extended to other broadcast systems in thisdomain.

I. Delivery Architecture Examples

The venue-cast system may use in-band delivery techniques, such as abroadcast including both wide/local area and venue-specific content, orout-of-band delivery techniques, such as different transmission mediumsthat separately include one of the wide/local area or venue-specificcontent. In-band broadcasts may be implemented in a number of ways, suchas via time sharing, frequency sharing, superposition, gray coding,multiple input, multiple output (MIMO), and single antenna repeatertechnologies. Out-of-band techniques may include utilizing broadcast incombination with 3G or 4G cellular network technologies. For example,multicast transmits to multiple users simultaneously and provides anefficient use of 3G network resources. Multicasting enables theprovision of real-time streaming capability and clip-casting to wideaudiences. 3G multicast technologies, such as BCMCS, allow for thedelivery of similar content to a wide audience with minimal spectralusage. Another out-of-band technique includes the use of unicast, ortransmitting and receiving from individual access terminals, whichallows venue-cast information to be accessed on demand at a user'sconvenience. Unicast allows for additional content and interactivity. Acontent server may also redirect unicast traffic to multicast trafficbased on the increase of user density in a venue area. Through the useof both unicast and multicast, real-time live content may be streamed ondemand, stored content may be streamed on demand, additional storedcontent may be streamed to a user during network non-busy hours,information such as games, statistics, schedules, etc., may bedownloaded to enhance a user's venue-cast experience. Live local eventsmay be streamed, and live venue-specific non-local content may bestreamed to a user.

An open and independent application programming interface (API) platformmay provide support for different operating systems and different userinterfaces. The API platform may be aware of the air interfaceinformation when content is available. The API may feed differentplatforms such as BREW, Java, WM, Linux, etc. This facilitates thedevelopment of third party applications running on different platforms.Applications such as a service guide, games, advertising, etc. can bedownloaded over the air to different kinds of 3G devices.

A. Mobile Broadcast Network

Mobile broadcast such as the MediaFLO™ system is a technology thatenables attractive services to consumers, among which some of theapplications include mobile TV, mobile advertisement, and up-to-datemedia distribution via clip-cast and data-cast, multiple real-time audioand video streams, individual, non-real-time video, as well as IPdatacast application, data such as stock market quotes, sports scores,and weather reports. The MediaFLO™ system is assignee's innovation tobroadcast data to portable devices such as cell phones and PDAs. TheMediaFLO™ system transmits data on a frequency separate from thefrequencies used by current cellular networks. In the United States, theMediaFLO™ system will use frequency spectrum 716-722 MHz, which waspreviously allocated to UHF TV Channel 55. Other broadcast systems mayinclude the Korean T-DMB standard and the European DVB-H standard.

With regard to modulation and coding in the current US implementation,the MediaFLO™ system is transmitted by a network of high-power broadcasttransmitters operating at powers as high as 50 Kilowatts. This allowsfor a coverage area of a transmitter to be on the order of tens ofkilometers, up to as large as 30-40 km. The transmission is an encryptedorthogonal frequency division modulation (OFDM) set of QuadratureAmplitude Modulation (QAM) signals sent on a 5.55 MHz channel centeredat 719 MHz (e.g., the former ultra-high frequency (UHF) television (TV)Channel 55), also known as the Lower 700 MHz Block D. This allows amobile device to decode the signal from more than one transmitter in thesame way that it might if it was a delayed version from the sametransmitter.

A venue-cast system may broadcast venue-cast content via an out-of-bandtransmission or an in-band transmission. If the venue-cast systembroadcasts an in-band signal, the venue-cast system may receive wide orlocal area content and information through various mechanisms. Amongothers, the venue-cast system may include satellite backhaul support, asdiscussed below in FIG. 14, or may receive an over-the-air wide or localarea signal, as discussed below in FIG. 13.

1. Out-of-Band

A venue-cast system may transmit on a dedicated band, separate from thewide area band, and thus may be referred to as an out-of-bandtransmission. Control channels on each radio frequency (RF) channel maynot convey information about other RF channels. Therefore, servicediscovery may be accomplished independently for each RF channel.Independent service discovery may be accomplished at a receiving accessterminal through scanning for a wide or local area signal power on avenue RF frequency. If the signal is present, the access terminalattempts to decode Overhead Information Symbols (OIS) in the venuechannel. The overhead information provides the information necessary toaccess the venue-cast transmission. The transmission may includecombined wide or local area broadcast information and venue broadcastinformation using an enhanced Multi-Frequency Network (MFN) framework.Transmitters within the network may be non-co-located.

As the venue-cast transmission is on a dedicated band, the venue-castsystem may function without a backhaul. FIG. 4 illustrates exemplaryaspects of a venue-cast transmitter for a venue-cast system without abackhaul. This venue transmission system 400 receives venue specificcontent via element 401. The venue content may be transcoded,multiplexed, and combined with system information (SI). The transmissionsystem 400 may include an out-of-band signal generator 402 forgenerating a transmission signal, an exciter 403 to enhance the signal,and a transmission antenna 404. The transmission system 400 may furtherinclude such elements as a power controller 405, power weights 406, adigital to analog converter 407, a frequency converter (Fc) 408 and apower amplifier (PA) 409. The system may include external inputs ofreference material or GPS 410 and a configuration interface 411.

2. In-Band

It may be desirable that a venue-cast transmission be made incombination with a wide area or local area transmission in such a mannerthat the wide area and local area transmissions are not interrupted.Thus, aspects include combining a venue-cast broadcast transmission witha wide or local area transmission or using knowledge of a wide area orlocal area transmission in order to avoid interfering with the wide orlocal area transmission.

In this manner, the venue specific content in FIG. 2 can be transmittedto a coverage area for the venue 220 via transmitter 221 in such amanner that it does not interfere with the reception of either the widearea or local area transmissions. Thus, a mobile device 223 in venue220, could receive the venue transmission without preventing it fromreceiving either the wide or local area content. For example, the venuesystem 220 may receive either the wide or local area transmissions, suchas via satellite or over the air, and may insert the venue content andtransmit a venue combined transmission. Among others, a combined signalmay be accomplished using time and frequency sharing, superposition,gray coding, and multiple transmitting antennas.

i. Time, Frequency Multiplexing

A first exemplary implementation for an in-band venue-cast is a Time,Frequency Multiplexing mechanism. Using Time, Frequency Multiplexing, asignal on a shared frequency band is portioned to allow a time slot forat least a local area transmission and a venue-cast transmission. Thefrequency band may further include a portion reserved for a wide areatransmission. FIG. 5 illustrates a frequency band 500 that includes aportion of time reserved for wide area content 501, a second portionreserved for local area content 502, and a portion reserved forvenue-cast content 503. Thus, each of these signals shares a frequencyband 500.

The transmitters corresponding to the wide, local, and venue coveragearea may be coordinated to transmit only during their assigned time. Itmay be undesirable to turn certain transmitters on and off. Therefore,the transmitters may enter an “inactive” state during portions of timeassigned to other transmitters. In an inactive state, a transmittercontinues to transmit, so that it does not need to be turned off.However, the transmission is limited to a particular portion of thefrequency band that is set aside for inactive type transmissions. Thisreserved portion of the frequency band may be a single “slot.” A slot isa group of sub-carriers or frequency range. Thus, during the inactivestate, the transmitters go into a single slot mode and transmit only onthe reserved slot. For example, the local area transmitters 214 and 215in FIG. 2 would enter an inactive state during time portion 503 that isreserved for the venue-cast. During time portion 503, transmitters 214and 215 are limited to the reserved, inactive frequency band 504. Theinactive frequency band is a small, reserved portion of frequency band500. In this manner, the transmissions share not only the frequencyband, but also the assigned time portions.

The high power transmitters may be configured to reduce power during thevenue portion of the frame, or during the portion reserved for the venuetransmission. This may further enhance venue transmission coverage.

FIG. 6 illustrates exemplary aspects of the state of a wide area orlocal area transmitter 602 and a venue-cast transmitter 601 during time,frequency multiplexing. During a time slot reserved for a wide are orlocal area transmission, which corresponds to either portion 501 or 502from FIG. 5, the venue transmitter 501 may be turned off while the othertransmitter 502 actively transmits content. During the time slotreserved for the venue-cast, corresponding to portion 503 in FIG. 5, thevenue transmitter 501 turns on and transmits the venue-cast content. Atthe same time, the other transmitters enter an inactive state, butcontinue to transmit on a reserved inactive portion of the frequencyband. This inactive portion of the frequency band corresponds to portion504 in FIG. 5. After the time portion reserved for the venue-cast, thevenue transmitter again turns off, while the wide or local areatransmitter actively transmits content. As used herein, the term“actively transmits” means that the transmitter transmits content usingportions of the frequency band other than the reserved, active portiondesignated for venue-cast.

FIG. 7 shows two MediaFLO™ type superframe diagrams, one superframe 700for the wide and local area broadcast, and one superframe 701 for thevenue-cast broadcast. The wide and local area superframe may include aTime Division Multiplexing (TDM) pilot 702, Overhead Information Symbols(OIS) 703, frames 704, and a Positioning Pilot Channel (PPC) 705. TheOIS may be separated into sections for the wide area (WOIS) and thelocal area (LOIS). Overhead signaling for the venue transmission may beinserted on either a wide or local area OIS, or on both the WOIS andLOIS. In addition, the overhead channels WOIS and LOIS may carryinformation on the start of the venue portion of the frame. The venueoverhead and control information may be sent as a special overhead MLCin the venue portion of the frame. The macronetwork may transmitsynchronization pilot TDM and scrambling information. Local area dataand wide area data may be sent within each of Frame 1, Frame 2, Frame 3,Frame 4, and so forth.

After the frames, the superframe includes a PPC 705 that may be modifiedto include information about the availability of a venue broadcast.Thus, the availability of a venue transmission may be signaled using thePPC 705. The PPC may be modified to include information regarding thetype of venue transmission service and the energy ratio of the venuetransmission. The venue transmission may be provided as a percentage ofthe slots set aside for the local area transmission. This will enablevenue-casts without the use of additional bandwidth. As discussed abovein connection with FIGS. 5 and 6, wide and local area transmitters mayremain on continuously and transmit scrambled pilots on a reserved,inactive slot, such as slot 7 of the superframe during a venue portionof the frame.

This implementation may be employed in a venue without macro signalcoverage. Without macro signal coverage, the venue transmitter transmitsthe TDM pilot, the WOIS and LOIS in addition to the venue portion of theframe.

FIG. 8 illustrates that a given frequency band may include a number offrequency band slots 801 a, 801 b, 801 c, etc. for each time slot 802 a,802 b, 802 c, etc. The high power transmitters in the wide or local areanetwork may be restricted to transmit only on certain slots at certainportions of the superframe. For example, in FIG. 8, frequency slots 801a-g are reserved for the transmission of wide area content during timeslots 802 a-e. During time slots 802 f-g, the same frequency slots 801a-g are reserved for the transmission of local area content. At timeslots 802 h-i, a portion of the frequency slots 801 b-g are reserved forthe transmission of venue-cast content. During these time slots 802 h-i,a venue transmitter may be allowed to transmit on frequency slots 801b-g, but not on frequency slot 801 a. One of or both the wide area andthe local area transmission may transmit in slot 801 a during timeportions other than those reserved for them. Thus, the wide areatransmission may occur in slot 801 a during at least a portion of timeslots 802 f-i and/or local area transmission may occur in frequency slot801 a during time slots 802 a-e and/or 802 h-i.

FIG. 9 illustrates the venue transmitter transmitting on the portion offrequency slots that are allotted to the venue-cast during the timecorresponding to 802 h-i. The venue transmitter may be turned off duringthe rest of the superframe, as illustrated in FIG. 9. Overheadinformation for the venue transmitter may be sent along with venue data,or a section of the superframe reserved for overhead information may bereserved for venue-cast overhead information.

The venue-cast waveform is transmitted as an insertion to the wide orlocal area waveform. The modulation for the venue-cast may be QuadraturePhase Shifting Key (QPSK) modulation. The waveform parameters of thevenue-cast waveform may be the same as for the wide or local areabroadcast. For example, the venue-cast may share parameters such as FastFourier Transform (FFT) size, cyclic prefix (CP) length, slot tointerlace map, and frame length with the wide or local areatransmission.

FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary PHY diagram for an in-band venue-cast1001. The PHY diagram includes portions for TDM 1002, OIS 1003, and PPC1006. The overhead portion OIS 1003 may include portions reserved forboth the wide area (WOIS) and local area (LOIS). Although three framesare illustrated, any number of frames may be included in the superframe.Each frame 1004 a, 1004 b, 1004 c may include a wide area portion 1007,a local area portion 1008, and a venue portion 1009.

As discussed in connection with FIGS. 5-9, the frames may includemultiple frequency slots 1009 a-g. During the venue portion 1009, thevenue-cast transmitter may be allotted only slots 1009 b-g. Slot 1009 amay be the reserved, inactive slot. Similarly, during the PPC portion1006, the PPC would not be transmitted using the reserved inactivefrequency slot 1006 a. In addition, PPC may include multiple time slots1006 b. These time slots may be portioned to PPC information for each ofthe wide area, local area, and venue.

A venue transmitter inserts the venue content into any reserved venueportions and repeats the superframe having the superposed venue content1001. The venue portion 1009 that is reserved in the superframe may bereused at different venues.

Referring to FIG. 11, a WOI 1100 may include more than one local area,such as LOI1 1110 and LOI2 1120 having transmitters 1102 and 1101,respectively. Each local area may include any number of venues. As longas the venue coverage areas are non-overlapping, the venues may each usethe same reserved venue portion 1009 in the superframe. For example,venue V1 in FIG. 11 may insert venue content into the reserved venueportion and broadcast the superframe to a coverage area for venue V1 viavenue transmitter 1104. Venue V2 may similarly insert venue content forV2 into the same reserved venue portion and broadcast the superframe toa coverage area for V2 via transmitter 1106. As the coverage areas do nooverlap, the repeats at the different venues do not interfere with eachother. The signal strength of the venue transmitter may be selected tocover only the venue area. Similarly, the same reserved venue portion Vmay be reused at V3 and V4 and any other non-overlapping venue coveragearea via transmitters 1105 and 1107, respectively.

FIG. 12 illustrates aspects of another exemplary TDM/FDM diagram for acombined venue waveform that includes a wide/local area transmissionframe waveform 1200 and a combined venue transmission frame waveform1201. A portion of the local signal/frame 1200 includes wide area data1205. The wide area data 1205 may be repeated on the waveform from thevenue transmitter 1201. A portion of the local frame 1200 includes localarea data 1206. The local area data may be repeated on the waveform fromthe venue transmitter 1201. A portion 1207 of the wide/local frame 1200is reserved for venue data. During this time, the local area transmittermay enter a single slot mode or inactive state where it transmits on asingle, reserved frequency. The venue transmitter uses this portion toinsert and transmit venue data 1208. The venue data may be preceded andfollowed by a transition symbol 1209 in the venue transmission.

An AT receiving the combined signal will first receive the OIS signaland process it sequentially. Therefore, first, it will receive any WOISor LOIS information. This overhead information will inform the ATregarding the existence of a venue MLC and provide the venue MLCparameters. Thus, the OIS informs an AT regarding the existence of avenue-cast and provides information on how to access the venue-castcontents. The venue-cast transmission will modify the OIS by insertingits own information.

In order to insert the venue-cast content at the appropriate slots, thevenue-cast system requires information regarding the local area signaland the portion of the signal reserved for the venue-cast content.Coordination of the OIS, PPC, and frame portions assigned to a venueneed to be coordinated with the macro-network. For example, thevenue-cast system will require knowledge of the PPC symbol on which itcan transmit. Thus, the venue-cast network requires an IP interface.Coordination of the venue-cast system with the macro-network may occurby providing the venue-cast system with a reception of the macro-networksignal. This may occur in a number of ways, for example, the venue-castnetwork may receive an over-the-air reception of the wide or local areasignal, a satellite reception of the wide or local area signal, orreceive information regarding the wide or local area signal via an IPnetwork. FIG. 2 illustrates that the venue-cast system for venue 220 mayreceive information from the wide area network management center viasatellite 211, over-the-air information from LOI transmitter 214, etc.

FIG. 13 illustrates aspects of a venue transmission system 1300 thatreceives a wide or local area signal over the air. The venuetransmission system may use the over the air wide/local areatransmission in order to repeat the wide or local area signal onportions of the received superframe and to insert a venue signal onother portions of the superframe, as discussed in connection with FIGS.7, 10 and 12. This venue transmission system 1300 includes similarelements to system 400, such as an input of venue content 1301 that maybe transcoded, multiplexed, and include system information (SI). Thetransmission system may use a transcoder, multiplexer and SI from thewide or local area infrastructure. The venue-cast system may furtherinclude an exciter 1303, a transmission antenna 1304, a power controller1305, power weights, 1306, a digital to analog converter 1307, frequencyconverter (Fc) 1308, power amplifier (PA) 1309, and configurationinterface 1311.

In addition to the transmission antenna 1304, this system includes areception antenna 1302 for receiving the wide or local area signal. Thevenue transmission system also includes a receiver and synchronizer 1310for synchronizing the venue signal with the received wide or local areasignal, an echo canceller 1314 including echo canceller control logic1313 for eliminating or reducing echo, an Fc 1315, and an analog todigital converter 1312. Although the receiving antenna and transmissionantenna are illustrated as being separate, it is noted that any numberof antennas may be used in the system.

FIG. 14 illustrates a venue transmission system 1400 that includessatellite backhaul support 1411. The system receives venue specificcontent 1401 from a venue input and wide and local area content via asatellite backhaul 1411. The system may further receive externalreference information 1410 such as GPS information. The satellitebackhaul 1411 may also include fiber optic elements. The venuetransmission system 1400 may include an exciter 1403 to insert the venuesignal onto a venue portion of the wide/local superframe and to transmita combined superframe having the wide and local signals on the wide andlocal portions of the superframe and the venue signal on the venueportion. Similar to systems 400 and 1300, system 1400 may also include adigital to analog converter 1407, an Fc 1408, a PA 1409, and atransmission antenna 1404. It is noted that any number of transmissionantenna may be used. The transmission system may use a transcoder,multiplexer and SI from the wide or local area infrastructure.

If the wide and local area signals are received by the venuetransmission system and repeated by the venue transmission system,signal power level changes can be eliminated between wide and local areaportions of the frame and venue portions of the frame. As knowledge ofthe wide/local area signal is received via the backhaul, the venuetransmitters do not need be turned on and off.

The local area transmitter may transmit a pilot pattern on all slots ina venue portion of a superframe. A corresponding venue transmitterinside the local area may also transmit venue broadcast information onall slots in the venue portion. A receiver performs pilot interferencecancellation in order to receive the venue-cast information. On thevenue portion of the superframe, the received signal on each sub-carriercan be written as:Y[k]=H _(F) [k]P _(F) [k]+H _(V) [k]P _(V) [k],

where P_(F)[k], P_(V)[k] represent scrambled pilots from the macronetwork and venue transmitter, respectively, k represents the subcarrierindex, H_(F)[k] represents the channel gain on sub-carrier k for thechannel between the macro network and a receiving device. H_(V)[k]represents the channel gain on sub-carrier k for the channel between thevenue transmitter and a receiving device.

A device receiving a time, frequency multiplexed signal may decode thesignals as well as perform pilot interference cancellation. For example,the venue signal may be decoded in two steps. First, the wide or localarea channel is estimated by exploiting a knowledge of the wide or localarea pilot sequence, followed by time filtering and thresholding of theestimated wide/local area signal. Then, the wide or local area signal iscancelled from the received signal Y[k] and the residual signal isdecoded to obtain the venue-cast information. The residual signal may bedecoded in the same manner as a regular wide or local area signal.

ii. Superposition Coding

A second exemplary implementation for in-band venue-cast transmission issuperposition coding the venue-cast signal onto the local area signal.If scheduling information is available, superposition coding may befirst done on empty slots. Superposition coding may be done only forMulticast Logical Channels (MLCs) of certain modes. The venue waveformpower may be chosen to be a value low enough to not affect existingwide/local signal coverage. Thus, the venue specific broadcasts can besuperposed on an existing network such as a wide or local area network,such as the MediaFLO™ network, with no additional bandwidthrequirements.

Capacity is partitioned between the wide and local area system and thevenue broadcast system so that each system can operate independently ofthe other, the capacity allocation can be changed at each local area,and devices capable of receiving wide or local area transmissions willcontinue to receive such transmissions without interruption at venues.FIG. 11 illustrates coverage areas of the macro system WOI and the venuesystem V1, 2, 3, and 4. Although four venue broadcast towers 1104, 1105,1106, and 1107 are illustrated in FIG. 11, any number of non-overlappingvenue coverage areas may be provided within the macro coverage area. Thesame capacity may be re-used for each of venues V1, V2, V3, and V4

Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) may be used by an accessterminal receiving the combined signal in order to decode the venuetransmission, the local area transmission, and the wide areatransmission from the superposed waveform.

A venue transmitter may include an exciter having a field programmablegate array (FPGA) to support a single slot transmission mode and theexciter may be enabled to support single-slot power backoff. Forexample, in one aspect, the power backoff may be 12 dB. Power backoffcan provide improvement to the venue coverage by reducing interference.The exciter may include a feature for turning the venue-cast RFtransmission on and off. A timing offset may be included in the exciterfor setting the time at which the exciter turns the venue-cast RFtransmission on and off. The timing offset of the exciter may be chosensuch that venue signals are in time alignment with the wide or localarea signal that arrives earliest.

A wide or local area transmitter may also include a scheduler having aportion of the local data frame unallocated so that venue data can bebroadcast in that portion of the frame. The scheduler may includeadditional support at higher layers to allow for a configurable splitbetween wide and local portions and venue portions of the superframe.

The transmitter backhaul may include support for additional multiplexesto tradeoff macro network capacity with venues only in selectedLocal-area Operational Infrastructures (LOIs).

A local signal and the venue signal may also be generated from the sametransmitter. In this single transmitter situation, there may be no localsignal components from other transmitters. Thus, the received waveform,Y, can be written as:Y=H _(V)(aX _(F) +bX _(V))+W

where H_(V) is the channel gain of the venue-cast, X_(F) is the localarea portion of the signal, X_(V) is the venue area portion of thesignal, a and b are selected power levels for the local area and venuearea components of the signal, and W is background noise.

The venue transmission involves generalized layered modulation that mayinclude independent scheduling of the venue transmission and wide orlocal area data. Layered modulation may be used to transmit informationfor a video channel at both a lower quality, also referred to as a basequality, and at a higher quality, also referred to as an enhancement.Receiving the base broadcast alone will give a base video quality level,whereas receiving both the base broadcast and the enhancement broadcastwill provide a better quality video broadcast.

In such aspects, the same data rate is used on both the base and theenhancement signals, and also the same allocations are made for thesignals. For example, if n packets of base information are being sent,then n packets of enhancement information must be sent, where n is apositive number.

For a venue transmission superposed with a wide or local areatransmission, the wide/local area transmission can be similar to thebase transmission and the venue transmission is similar to theenhancement transmission. However, the wide/local area transmission andthe venue transmission may be scheduled independently of each other,where an enhancement transmission is tied to the base transmission. Thisallows receivers to obtain the venue transmission even without decodingand cancelling the wide/local area transmission.

The venue transmission may be received and decoded independently ofwhether the local/wide area transmission is received and decoded,whereas both a base and an enhancement transmission must be received inorder for the enhanced transmission to be decoded.

In some aspects, the spectral efficiency of a venue-cast layer may notbe tied to that of the wide or local layer. The venue-cast signal may bescrambled in a similar manner to the wide or local pilot signal. Avenue-cast signal of this type may be indicated by the value 0x01 in thePositioning Pilot Channel (PPC).

Additionally, aspects may include determining a power for the venue-castwaveform in relation to the wide or local area waveform. In the aboveequation, powers a and b represent the power for the local area andvenue waveform, respectively. This may include determining the power ofthe venue transmission in order to allow a predetermined maximumdegradation to the performance of the wide or local area transmission.For example, a predetermined maximum degradation may be less than 1 dB.

A signal from more than one transmitter may cause interference. Forexample, a first transmitter may be located in San Diego, Calif. and asecond transmitter may be located in Irvine, Calif. A device locatedbetween the two transmitters would receive a signal with interferencefrom the two signals. The signal on each sub-carrier can be written as:Y=H ₁ X ₁ +H ₂ X ₂ +W(Local interference)Y=H _(F) X _(F) +H _(V)(aX _(F) +bX _(V))+W(Venue-cast)

where X₁ represents the signal from the first transmitter and X₂represents a signal from a second transmitter. The two transmitters maycover separate, yet overlapping coverage areas. In the second equation,X_(F) is the local area signal, X_(V) is the venue-cast portion of thesignal, W represents background noise, and H represents channel gain.Thus, Hv is the channel gain for the venue-cast signal, H_(F) is thechannel gain for the local area signal, H₁ is the channel gain for thesignal from the first transmitter, and H₂ is the channel gain for thesignal from the second transmitter. Parameters a and b may be selectedso that the venue-cast signal does not affect the wide/local area signalcoverage. Receivers will first decode X_(F) and then obtain X_(V), asX_(F) will have a higher signal strength than X_(V). For localinterference cancellation, either X₁ or X₂ can have a higher strength.The receiver may determine an order of interference cancellationdynamically.

In order to receive and decode a superposed signal, an access terminalreceiving the combined venue-cast may include a service determinationcomponent as illustrated in FIG. 15. This component may perform venuecoverage determination in order to enable the access terminal todetermine whether it is in sufficient coverage by determining whetherthe overall C/(I+N) is sufficient for decoding the venue-signal, where Cis the carrier/signal energy, I is the interface energy, and N is thethermal noise energy due to receiver circuits. Coverage may also bedetermined to be sufficient if C/I is greater than a predeterminedthreshold or if C/N is greater than a predetermined threshold. The C/Nanalysis may be identical to a wide or local area link budgetcalculation.

In some aspects, a venue signal can be received if C/I>a certainthreshold, such as 5 dB. Thus, the wide area or local area signal shouldbe approximately 5 dB below the venue signal, on average.

The access terminal may further include an interference cancellationcomponent for decoding a superposed transmission of more than onesignal. The signals may include at least a stronger signal and a weakersignal. The local signal may be the stronger signal, and the venuesignal the weaker signal. In performing interference cancellation,first, the mobile device determines the power levels for the signals.The mobile device then decodes the stronger signal. Then, the receivercancels the stronger signal in order to decode the weaker signal.Thereby, a mobile device can decode a superposed venue signal. Thedevice may use successive interference cancellation in order to decodethe venue transmission.

The access terminal may further include a channel estimation component.As a venue-cast pilot is scrambled identical to the correspondingvenue-cast data, the venue-cast pilot may appear as noise to the wide orlocal area pilot. Channel estimation of venue-cast data may takeadvantage of interference cancellation, as described above. First, amobile device receiving a superposed venue transmission may estimate thewide or local area channel. The device applies a threshold to theestimated time domain wide/local area channel and converts the estimateto the frequency domain for interference cancellation. Then, the devicemay estimate the venue-cast channel by descrambling and performing anInverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing of the interferencecancelled channel observations.

iii. Gray Coding

Another exemplary implementation for in-band venue-cast transmission isgray coding venue-cast content onto a local area signal. Whilesuperposition coding of venue-cast content onto a local area signal maybe accomplished without an actual knowledge of the local broadcastcontent, gray coding requires a backhaul to provide the venue-castnetwork with at least a partial knowledge of the local signal. In orderto perform gray coding, the venue-cast system will decode the local areasignal and perform joint encoding for a combined signal including thevenue-cast content. A venue transmission system having backhaul supportmay also implement gray coding with the superposition of the venuecontent onto the superframe from the wide or local area broadcast.

An access terminal that receives the gray coded venue-cast may performvenue coverage determination and may include an interferencecancellation component and a channel estimation component, similar to anaccess terminal for receiving a superposed signal. However, whengraycoding is used in superposing the venue waveform on the wide orlocal area waveform, the device may be able to decode the venue portionof the waveform and the wide or local area portion of the waveformindependently of each other. Therefore, where an access terminalreceiving a venue-cast signal superposed on a local area signal willseparate the venue-cast signal and the local area signal, decode thelocal area (or a stronger) signal first, and then decode the venue-cast(or weaker) signal after decoding the local area signal, an accessterminal receiving a venue-cast signal gray coded on a local area signalmay decode the venue-cast signal without decoding the local area signal.

iv. MIMO Type

Additional antennas may be used at either the transmitters or the mobiledevice receiver, or both, in order to provide additional diversity for acombined signal. Additional transmitters in this Multiple Input,Multiple Output (MIMO) type system may provide increased dimensionality.FIG. 16 illustrates aspects of an exemplary dual antenna venuetransmission system 1600. The additional transmitters provide a signalthat can be received by access terminals having either one antenna ormultiple antennas.

MIMO design for venue-cast may include the following aspects:

A. For a single antenna receiver, the additional transmitting antennasprovide additional diversity to assist in receiving the venue-cast. Inthis situation, interference from a venue signal should be correlatedwith the corresponding wide or local area signal, such that when thesignal fades, the interference also fades.B. For a multiple antenna receiver, the receiver may use the multipleantennas to cancel portions of the combined signal spatially. Forexample, the receiver may cancel the wide or local area portion of thesignal spatially. An access terminal including multiple receivingantennas may be a Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE) linear receiver, forexample. An access terminal with multiple receiving antennas may also bea MMSE receiver with Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC). An MMSEtype receiver having SIC may provide better capacity by first decoding awide or local area signal, and then performing interference cancellationbefore decoding the venue signal.C. Delay diversity at a transmitter may provide diversity improvement tothe wide or local area signal. With multiple transmitting antennas,venue interference may be frequency selective with respect to the wideor local area signal. The system should be designed such that theinterference power fades with the wide or local area signal power onaverage.

An example of a MIMO system for venue-cast is given by:

$\begin{pmatrix}Y_{1} \\Y_{2}\end{pmatrix} = {{\begin{pmatrix}H_{11} & H_{12} \\H_{21} & H_{22}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}{{a\; X_{F}} + {{\mathbb{e}}^{{- j}\; w_{k}n_{2}}b\; X_{V}}} \\{{{\mathbb{e}}^{{- j}\; w_{k}n_{1}}a\; X_{F}} + {b\; X_{V}}}\end{pmatrix}} + {\begin{pmatrix}H_{13} \\H_{23}\end{pmatrix}X_{F}} + \begin{pmatrix}W_{1} \\W_{2}\end{pmatrix}}$Where,

-   -   Y₁ and Y₂ are the receiver signals (at a given sub-carrier) on        antenna 1 and antenna 2 of the receiver,    -   X_(F) and X_(V) are the macro and venue signals (at a given        sub-carrier),    -   H₁₁, H₁₂, H₂₁ and H₂₂ refer to the channel gains between the        MIMO transmitter (transmitting both wide/local and venue signal)        and the receiver,    -   H₁₃ and H₂₃ refer to the channel gains between a single antenna        transmitter and the MIMO receiver,    -   a and b control the power of the wide/local and venue signals,    -   n1 and n2 are the delays of the venue and wide/local signal on        antennas 1 and 2 respectively, and    -   W₁ and W₂ are the noise at a given sub-carrier.

A system may include each of the aspects described in A, B, and C above.

Multiple antenna receivers may perform the following steps: (1) estimateboth wide/local area and venue channels for each antenna, (2) decodewide/local area and venue signals by using either a MMSE or a MMSE-SICreceiver.

Single antenna receivers will operate in a normal manner. The receivedsignal for a single antenna receiver is given by:Y ₁=(H ₁₁ +e ^(−jw) ^(k) ^(n) ¹ H ₁₂)aX _(F)+(e ^(−jw) ^(k) ^(n) ² H ₁₁+H ₁₂)bX _(V) +H ₁₃ X _(F) +W ₁

The power of the venue interferer is determined by the parameter b. Thetotal power of the venue signal across all sub-carriers is at a fixedlevel below the power of the wide/local signal from the MIMOtransmitter.

Therefore, a single antenna receiver can operate as if there were novenue-cast signal present. Thus, a single antenna receiver will not takeadditional steps in order to receive the wide or local area signal.

A combined signal may be sent from a transmitter having multipleantennas, such as two transmitting antennas. The combined signal may besent in a number of ways. First, the first transmitter may transmit alocal area transmission and the second transmitter may transmit a venuetransmission superposed on the local area transmission. Second, the twoantenna transmitters may function as a repeater for the local areasignal while simultaneously inserting the venue content. In thissituation, both antennas would transmit a combined signal.

FIG. 16 illustrates a repeater type, dual antenna venue transmissionsystem 1600 that is capable of transmitting a combined signal from bothantennas. In FIG. 16, the venue transmission system 1600 includes anantenna 1601 for receiving the wide or local area transmission X_(F) anda venue signal generator 1602 that generates venue specific content tobe inserted with the local area waveform. The venue transmission systemincludes two transmission antennas, a first transmission antenna 1603and a second transmission antenna 1604. Both antenna 1603 and antenna1604 transmit a combination of local data and venue specific data.Antenna 1603 receives the local area signal X_(F) after it has beenscaled with a scaler 1605 and venue transmission signal X_(V) after ithas been delayed at a delay element 1606 by an amount D₂, scaled at ascaler 1607, and added to the local area signal X_(F). Antenna 1604receives the venue transmission signal X_(V) after it has been scaled atscaler 1608, and the local area signal X_(F) after it has been delayedby an amount D₁ at delay element 1609, scaled at a scaler 1610, andadded to the venue transmission signal X_(V).

The signals from the two antenna transmitters may be received by amobile device 1620 having either one antenna receiver or two antennareceivers. Two antennas 1621, 1622 are illustrated in FIG. 16.

An access terminal having one antenna receiver is able to decode thetransmission in order to receive the local area transmission, whereas atwo antenna receiver may be configured to receive and decode both thelocal area transmission and the venue transmission.

Multiple antenna receivers decode the signals by first estimating boththe local area and venue channels for each antenna. Then, the receiverdecodes the local area signal by treating the venue signal asinterference. Then, in order to decode the venue signal, the receivertreats the local signal as interference and cancels the local areasignal spatially. Subsequently, the receiver alternately, successivelyperforms interference cancellation.

By transmitting the mix of signals on multiple antennas using apredetermined power ratio, a and b, between the local area and venuesignals, a receiver with multiple antennas can decode the two signals.In addition, delaying either the local area or venue signal by apredetermined amount assists the receiver in distinguishing the twochannels.

This venue transmission system 1600 functions similar to a repeaterwhile at the same time inserting venue specific content into thetransmission.

A venue transmission system may be configured so as to transmit a signalthat can be received by a single antenna receiver, a multiple antennareceiver, or both. Interference cancellation can be used to first decodea stronger signal and then to cancel the stronger signal and decode aweaker signal in order to decode one of the combined signals.

v. Single Antenna Repeater

As noted above, a venue transmission system may use a single antennarepeater type system. For a single antenna repeater system, additionalprocessing may be provided at the venue transmission system 900including channel estimation and superposition. In order to performchannel estimation, the venue transmission system will estimate achannel from the wide/local area transmitter to the repeater. Repeatingtransmitters send signals corresponding to the macro network, or thewide/local area network. The repeater combines the venue signal with themacro signal from the macro network transmitters and re-transmits thesignal. Thus, the venue transmission system may be considered therepeater, because it re-transmits the wide/local area signal combinedwith the venue content.

The system may then use the estimated channel to scale venue data to besuperposed on the wide/local area transmission. For example, if thewide/local area signal received at the venue transmission system is:Y[k]=H _(TR) [k]X _(F) [k]

Then, the signal sent by the venue transmission transmitters may bedescribed as:T[k]=H _(TR) [k]X _(F) [k]+H _(est,TR) [k]X _(V) [k],

where H_(TR)[k] represents the channel from the transmitter to therepeater and H_(est, TR) is the venue transmission system's estimate ofthe channel received from the wide/local area transmitter at the venuetransmission system. Thus, it is an estimated channel from thetransmitter to the repeater. It is a value determined at the repeater,or the venue transmission system.

3. Broadcast Use Cases

i. Location Targeted Transmission

A transmission system may broadcast multiple broadcast streams withinformation targeted to specific areas or venues. Although an exemplaryaspect using a broadcast stream is described, multicasting andunicasting may be used in the alternative or in addition tobroadcasting. A mobile device may include a feature for automaticallytuning to receive one of the multiple broadcasts based on the locationof the mobile device relative to one or more of the respective specificareas or venues.

A broadcast system may include one or more transmit stations. Thetransmit stations may provide coverage to a large area, such as a city,and/or to a smaller coverage area, such as a venue within a city. Thebroadcast system may broadcast a transmission including an existing oran additional overhead channel.

Currently, location-based filtering of transmissions is based on a localarea identifier (LOI), which relates to a collection of one or moretransmitters. In other words, in this scenario, the smallest level ofgranularity available is a one transmitter site, which has a relativelylarge cell size, e.g. 5-15 KMs, typical of broadcast transmitters. Incontrast, the geographic region of a venue or a targeted area may bemuch smaller than the associated local area of a typical broadcasttransmitter. As such, in order to perform venue level filtering, smallercells would need to be created by creating new, smaller areas byinstalling new transmitters. Such a solution would be a costlyundertaking.

Alternatively, the described aspects provide targeted programming to aspecific location, or venue or micro area, within a macro cell or LocalArea, by applying dynamic location based filtering criteria. FIG. 17illustrates an exemplary venue targeted system 1700.

In FIG. 17, one or more geographic areas, such as regions 1702, 1704 and1706, are defined, and one or more content services, such as services1708, 1710 and 1712, may be designated for each of the one or moreregions in order to provide targeted programming. Each definedgeographic area may be actively managed by an operator so that the areacan be defined and re-defined as desired. For example, the geographicarea may be defined based on a range or defined set of latitudes andlongitudes, based on a range from a given geographic point, such as aradius from the location of the transmitter, etc. It should beunderstood, however, that other definitions of a defined geographic areamay be utilized.

For example, first region 1702 may be targeted for information relatingto service content 1708, where first region 1702 represents an entiretyof an LOI. For example, service content 1708 may be referred to as localarea content that applies to LOI. Second region 1704 may be targeted forinformation of service content 1710, where second region 1704 representsa second area within the LOI. In this case, service content 1710 may bereferred to as targeted content or venue-specific content for a venuecorresponding to second region 1704. Third region 1706 may be targetedfor information of service content 1712, where third region 1706represents a third area within LOI, where the third area is differentfrom the second area. As such, service content 1712 may also be referredto as targeted content or venue-specific content, but for a venuecorresponding to third region 1706.

Information regarding the defined geographic region for which a givenservice content is intended may be an additional transmission elementtransmitted with the content. For example, the defined geographic regioninformation may be transmitted as a defined geographic regionidentifier, or specific defined geographic region coordinates. Further,for example, the defined geographic region information may betransmitted as overhead data. For instance, in an example for theMediaFLO™ system, the defined geographic region may be transmitted asservice ID/FLOW ID mapping on overhead data. In the above example,defined geographic region information 1714, 1716 and 1718 respectivelycorrespond to content services 1708, 1710 and 1712.

One or more content providers 1720 supplies one or more pieces ofcontent 1722, which may form all or some portion of one or more contentservices, such as content services 1708, 1710 and 1712. A radio accessnetwork (RAN) 1724 and/or a media distribution system (MDS) 1726 mayreceive the content 1722 and generate service programming, e.g. contentservices 1708, 1710 and 1712. Subsequently, RAN 1724 and/or MDS 1726provides a transmission system (TS) 1730, such as a MediaFLO™Transmission System (MFTS), access to one or more of the contentservices 1708, 1710 and 1712. Accordingly, TS 1730 generates atransmission 1731, 1732, such as a broadcast transmission, for receptionwithin a TS cell or service area, such LOI 1702.

A mobile device, such as devices 1734 and 1736, receiving transmission1731, 1732 may include a position locator component 1738 configured toidentify a current position 1740 of the device. For example, positionlocator component 1738 may include, but is not limited to, a positionmodule having hardware, software, and/or executable instructionsconfigured to receive and triangulate signals, such as from satellitesor terrestrial stations, and to compute current position 1740 or tocommunicate with a position determination entity on a network to obtainthe current position 1740. For instance, position locator component 1738may include a global positioning system (GPS) component to determinecurrent location 1740. In some aspects, the current location 1740 may bedefined as a current latitude and longitude, although other locationdescriptors, such as geographic names or network-based identifiers ornames, may also be utilized.

Additionally, each device 1734 and 1736 may further include a servicedeterminer component 1742 configured to receive current location 1740and utilize this information to filter the received transmission 1731,1732 based on the location of the device 1734 or 1736 relative to one ormore defined geographic areas 1702, 1704 and 1706 corresponding to oneor more content services 1708, 1710 and 1712 carried by thetransmission. For example, service determiner component 1742 mayinclude, but is not limited to, hardware, software, and/or executableinstructions configured to determine whether or not a given currentlocation 1740 is within a given range of one or more defined geographicareas 1702, 1704 and 1706. For instance, the given range may be adistance, which can include a value of zero to thereby require thedevice to be within the given defined geographic area. In any case,service determination component 1742 of allows the device to receive anddecode the corresponding portion of the transmission 1732 if the currentlocation is within the given range, or allows the device to bypassreceiving and decoding of the corresponding portion of the transmission1706 if the current location is outside of the given range.

For example, in FIG. 17, mobile device 1736 has a determined locationX′, Y′, within area X to Y corresponding to second region 1706, andmobile device 1734 has a determined location A′, B′, within area A to Bcorresponding to third region 1704, and both devices 1736 and 1734 arealso located within the LOI 1702. Accordingly, service determinercomponent 1742 for each device 1708 and 1709 compares the respectivecurrent location of the respective device to one or more the definedgeographic regions corresponding to the one or more content services.Thus, in this case, mobile device 1734 receives and decodes contentservices 1708 and 1710, otherwise referred to as the local area contentand the targeted content for the second region, while mobile device 1736receives and decodes content services 1708 and 1712, otherwise referredto as the local area content and the targeted content for the thirdregion.

Therefore, each device 1734 and 1736 filters the transmission 1732 basedon its current location and the one or more defined geographic regioninformation 1714, 1716 and 1718 associated with the one or more contentservices 1708, 1710 and 1712 within the transmission 1732.

Additionally, in another aspect, the content service may provide serviceinformation targeted to mobile device users within a particularbroadcast area. For example, the content service may broadcast trafficinformation. FIG. 18 illustrates aspects of an exemplary broadcastsystem 1850. A TS 1830 may generate a transmission 1852 having a firstcontent service or broadcast stream 1854 providing traffic informationrelating to a first targeted area 1856, a second content service orbroadcast stream 1858 providing traffic information relating to a secondtarget area 1860, a third content service or broadcast stream 1862providing traffic information relating to a third target area 1864, anda fourth content service or broadcast stream 1866 providing trafficinformation relating to a fourth target area 1868. Although fourbroadcast streams and target areas are shown, any number of broadcaststreams and/or target areas can be used. Similarly, although illustratedas rectangles, the target area may be defined as having any shape.Mobile device 1870, based on a determination of its location beingwithin first target area 1856, automatically tunes, or filters thereceived transmission 1852, to receive the traffic information for firsttarget area 1856, whereas mobile devices 1872, 1874 and 1876automatically tune to receive the traffic information for respectivetarget areas 1860, 1864 and 1868 based on similar functionality.Further, each mobile device may automatically adjust it filteringcapabilities based on updated current location information. For example,if mobile device 1870 travels into second target area 1860, it wouldautomatically tune to receive the second stream 1858 of trafficinformation for second target area 1860 and filter out or otherwisedisregard first stream 1854, which device 1870 had previously beenreceiving.

In addition to service information, the content service may provideadvertising information for any number of vendors or attractions withina target area. For example, the content service or broadcast stream 1854for target area 1856 may include advertisements or information regardingshopping offers for stores, businesses, restaurants, performances, andother attractions within first target area 1856. The advertisements mayalso include offers, sale information, or coupons for any of thesebusinesses and attractions.

Additionally, each respective content service or broadcast stream mayprovide service information such as flight information at an airport ortravel information at a train or bus station associated with therespective target area.

In other aspects, each respective content service or broadcast streammay also provide information about events at theme parks, fairs, racetracks, shopping malls, casinos, trade shows, conventions, campuses,retail superstores, and other multiple attraction type areas.

Thus, system 1850 provides one or more content services or broadcaststreams, e.g. streams 1854, 1858, 1862 and 1866, for one or morecorresponding areas, e.g. 1856, 1860, 1864 and 1868, wherein suchstreams include information regarding pertinent informationcorresponding to the respective area, such as information relating tobusinesses or attractions within the respective areas. Mobile devices1870, 1872, 1874, and 1876 located in or near these areas are configuredto automatically tune to the respective broadcast stream correspondingto their physical location, e.g. by applying a filter to transmission1852. Accordingly, system 1850 allows focused information andadvertising to be targeted to end users in the vicinity of anattraction.

B. BCMCS

FIG. 19 illustrates a variation of a venue-cast system using a 3Gnetwork 1900. The venue-cast system may include a local venue castcontent server 1901 that receives and stores real-time content from thevenue 1902. The venue-cast system may also be connected to a centralizedvenue-cast content server 1903. The centralized server minimizes theequipment cost for venue content providers and provides adequateservices for non-real-time services such as clip-cast or file-cast. Adistributed server configuration also enables high performance real-timevideo/audio streaming applications because it lowers the backhaul delayand jitter for these real-time applications. A hybrid serverconfiguration, using both a centralized and local server provides aflexible network architecture for the various venue applications.

FIG. 20 illustrates a 3G macro network providing information regardingservice discovery for a venue-cast system. As described above, the macronetwork 2001 may transmit venue identifier information 2002 regardingthe venue transmission, such as a venue identifier and a channel onwhich the venue-cast is being transmitted. An AT 2006 may receive thevenue identifier during its wake up cycle. The venue identifier may beused by the AT to monitor venue specific channel information. The macronetwork 2001 may also provide information an accessing a service guide2005 for the venue-cast. As discussed above, an AT 2006 may access theservice guide via the macro network, via a website, etc. The serviceguide may be similar to a MediaFLO™ system type service guide. Byproviding a common service guide, venue specific service guides may beprovided independent of the types of receiving ATs. The venue-casttransmitter may be a localized access point 2003 having a smaller scale,such as a picocell or femtocell. The venue-cast system also includes acontent server 2004, which may be local, centralized, or a hybridconfiguration using both a local and a centralized server.

In one aspect, venue-cast can be realized with one or more differentnetwork architecture designs. For example, depicted in FIG. 21 as anoverlapping BTS-venue AP arrangement 2100 provides venue-cast deliveryin respective coverage areas 2102 for mobile devices (or accessterminals (AT)) 2104 directly from one or more macro EV-DO basetransceiver systems (BTS) 2106 near venue, such as a large theme park orsports complex (venue) 2108. A second design provides plug-and-playvenue-cast delivery using on-site BCMCS equipment, which can beparticularly desirable for live, content streaming (discussed below).The mobile content channels that include venue-cast content canoriginate in the venue 2108, depicted as video captured by a videocamera 2110 that are stored and relayed by a BCMCS server 2112 to aBSC/PDSN/BSN 2114 (e.g., base station controller, packet data servingnode, broadband service node) and on to the BTS(s) 2106.

It should be appreciated that higher-layer design features are includedto provide an end-to-end system specification. A Service Guide (SG)design can be based upon a broadcast service guide format, such as theMediaFLO™ Media Presentation Guide (MPG) standard, for example adaptedto an EV-DO air interface. Real-time streaming experience optimizationcan be performed at the receiver (mobile device 2104). Non-real-timecontent delivery can be based upon file delivery protocol/file deliverycontrol protocol (FDP/FDCP) adapted to IP. Security can enablesubscription based on existing BCMCS key architecture and secure contentdelivery via Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) Digital Rights Management (DRM)format.

Referring to FIG. 22, in one aspect, a file delivery over venue-castprotocol stack and encapsulation protocol structure 2200 is depicted.The Internet portion 2202 of venue-cast Service Guide (SG) uses aprotocol stack 2203 from a content provider 2204 as L1 layer 2206, L2layer 2208, IP layer 2210, TCP layer 2212, FTP/HTTP layer 2214 and FileObject layer 2216. A BCMCS network portion 2220 originating from arouter+BSN/RAN 2222 and broadcast by BCMCS terminal 2224 has a protocolstack 2225 of an L1* layer 2226, L2* layer 2228, IP layer 2230, UDPlayer 2232, ALC/FDP layer 2234 and file object layer 2236. In order tomerge at a highest layer the file object layer 2216, 2236, a BCMCScontent server has to process the dissimilar underlying five layers asdepicted at 2240.

Referring to FIG. 23, in an aspect, a data structure 2300 is depictedfor file delivery over venue-cast FDP/FDCP procedure. A file object 2302to be transferred undergoes a file error correction (FEC) block buildingto form source block 1 2304, source block 2 2306, to source block n2308. Each block 2304, 2306, 2308 becomes a plurality of encoded symbols2310. FDP/FDCP processing prepares each encoded symbol 2310 by adding anFDM header 2314, along with an FDCM block 2316, which is sent to a FLOtransport layer 2318 for transmission.

Referring to FIG. 24, in an aspect, a data structure stack 2400 depictsone option wherein FDCP and FDP are sent on a separate IP/UDP port. Thisis depicted as being supported by the stack 2400 comprising an FDM/FDCMpayload layer 2402, an FDM/FDCM flag 2404, a UDP header 2406, and an IPheader 2408. FDP/FDCP traffic can be differentiated based on UDP portnumber. The FDM/FDCM format can be encapsulated into the individual UDPpayload directly with no merge/modification. Similar treatment is givenfor FDM and FDCM as in existing MediaFLO™ system.

Referring to FIG. 25, in an aspect, another data structure stack 2500depicts another option wherein FDCP and FDP share the same IP/UDP port.To that end, the stack 2500 comprises an FDM payload layer 2502, an FDCMpayload layer (if exists) 2504, a next layer has an FDCM flag 2506 andFDCM length block 2508. The stack 2500 further comprises UDP headerlayer 2510 then an IP header layer 2512. Additional header thus could beemployed to differentiate FDP/FDCP traffic. The FDM/FDCM format can beencapsulated into UDP payload after the new header.

In FIG. 26, in another aspect, a venue-cast system 2600 leverages use ofa static BCMCS system, depicted as a BCMCS content server 2602 of anEV-DO WAN 2604 that receives venue-cast content from a provider 2606 atvenue 2618. The BCMCS content server 2602 provides venue-cast signalingand content to a broadband service node (BSN) 2610, which in turnprovides the venue-cast signaling and content to an EV-DO AP(BTS/BSC/PCF) 2612 that wirelessly transmits the venue-cast content aspacketized data to an AT (e.g. a multi-mode DO/MediaFLO™ device) 2614and sends venue-cast signaling to a PDSN 2616 for coordinating with aserving authentication, authorization and accounting (S-AAA) component2608. An MediaFLO™ system 2620 of a MediaFLO™ network 2622, which mayinclude one or more of a MediaFLO™ Management System (MFMS), a MediaFLO™Provisioning System (MPS), a media distribution system (MDS), and a FLOradio access network (FLO RAN), provides broadcast FLO content to the AT2614. In some implementations, a BCMCS controller 2624 handlesauthentication and other functions and has interfaces with the S-AAA2608, AT 2614, BCMCS content server 2602, and venue-cast contentprovider 2606.

Characteristics of a static BCMCS system include programs that arebroadcasted at pre-determined time and data rate. Network resources(e.g., air-link bandwidth, IP address, bearer path, etc.) are staticallyallocated to the BCMCS transmission independent of user presence. Insome aspects, the existing BCMCS security key exchange mechanism is notused. In some aspects, as service provider receives revenue fromvenue-cast package subscriptions and/or from an advertiser/sponsor ofvarious content. This architecture can advantageously provide lowimplementation cost and rapid deployment due to reuse of existingnetwork elements. In some aspects, all BCMCS network entities except thecontent provider may reside in the operator network. Also, a venuecontent originator provides service content and a service guide to theBCMCS content server. Further, aspects provide for placement of networkentities to ensure full operator control and minimize equipment cost forvenue-cast owner.

Static venue-cast service allows significant simplification to networkarchitecture, such as static mapping between multi-cast IP address, portnumber and BCMCS flow. Static content bearer path setup can be made fromcontent server to BSN to access network(s) (AN(s)) serving the venuearea. A venue-cast service guide (SG) can be advertised in a BCMCSinformation flow, which is detectable by the AT via a BCMCS OverheadMessage (BOM) in a synchronous control channel (SCC). Thus, in thisaspect, no need exists for BCMCS controller 2624 and the associatedinterfaces.

With regard to providing venue-cast service over EV-DO WAN network,aspects support the reservation of a multicast IP address and portnumber. For example, aspects allow a reservation of N bits multicast IPaddress and M bits of port ID on operator network for venue-castservice, where N and M are positive numbers (e.g., N=9 and M=3 for aMediaFLO™ system over BCMCS). In some aspects, for example, the IPaddress may be selected from an organization local scope addressassigned by IANA, e.g. 239.192.0.0-239.251.255.255 for IPv4 and fromFF18:0-FF18:FFFF:FFFF for IPv6. In some aspects, for example, the portnumber may be selected from private ports 49152-65535. Additionally, forexample, a unique pair of multi-cast IP address and port ID may beassigned to every venue-cast content channel, also referred to as aninformation flow, provided to the operator. Additionally, in someaspects, a multicast content delivery bearer-path set up is supported.Further, in some aspects, a bearer path may be pre-established forcontent delivery from a content server to BSN to RAN. In some aspects,BSN provides sector ID information in A11-BC service initiate request toroute the multicast packets to the appropriate sector(s). With regard toair link resource reservation, some aspects provide for pre-allocationof air link resources to broadcast all BCMCS flows from RAN. In someaspects, one of the flows is for periodic SG transmission. At a givenvenue area, the flow IDs for all available venue-cast content channels,as well as the SG channel, is contained in the BCMCS Overhead Message(BOM).

As for access terminal (AT) provisions for static venue-cast serviceover EV-DO WAN, the multicast IP address and port number for the SGchannel is provided to the AT. The SG IP address and port number can behard-coded in the mobile device or downloaded via a venue-castapplication. The AT may periodically perform service discovery and SGupdates. Also, the AT can find and update the SG channel at a venueperiodically and/or upon a location change. A SG channel search/updatecan be triggered by a venue-cast application on the AT via a timerexpiration and/or via a location change. Further, the AT may find the SGchannel availability by decoding information in the BOM.

II. Receiving Access Terminal

Various aspects are described herein in connection with a terminal,which can be a wired terminal or a wireless terminal, herein referred tointerchangeably as a mobile device. A terminal can also be called asystem, device, subscriber unit, subscriber station, mobile station,mobile, mobile device, remote station, remote terminal, access terminal,user terminal, terminal, communication device, user agent, user device,or user equipment (UE). A wireless terminal or mobile device may be acellular telephone, a satellite phone, a cordless telephone, a SessionInitiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, apersonal digital assistant (PDA), a handheld device having wirelessconnection capability, a computing device, or other processing devicesconnected to a wireless modem. As used herein, a mobile device may be adedicated, purpose-built mobile device such as a handset or may be amulti-purpose mobile device that can be used beyond a particular venue.A dedicated device or a multi-purpose mobile device may include corehardware to receive transmitted data such as data broadcast/unicast overan air interface.

In order to receive a venue-cast transmission an access terminal mayinclude components, such as computer code stored in a computer readablemedium that enables the access terminal to detect the presence of avenue or of a venue-cast transmission and to obtain the venue-castoverhead information. Such computer code may also enhance the PHYperformance for venue-cast reception.

Referring to FIG. 15, in one representative aspect, wirelesscommunications device 1500, herein referred to interchangeably as amobile device, includes a mobile communication device operable on awireless communication system. As can be appreciated, there are avariety of wireless communication systems, which often employ differentspectrum bandwidths and/or different air interface technologies.Exemplary systems include CDMA (CDMA 2000, EV DO, WCDMA), OFDM, or OFDMA(Flash-OFDM, 802.20, WiMAX), FDMA/TDMA (GSM) systems using FDD or TDDlicensed spectrums, peer-to-peer (e.g., mobile-to-mobile) ad hoc networksystems often using unpaired unlicensed spectrums, and 802.xx wirelessLAN or BLUETOOTH techniques.

Wireless communications device 1500 includes processor component 1501for carrying out processing functions associated with one or more ofcomponents and functions described herein. Processor component 1501 caninclude a single or multiple set of processors or multi-core processors.Moreover, processing component 1501 can be implemented as an integratedprocessing system and/or a distributed processing system.

Wireless communications device 1500 further includes a memory 1502, suchas for storing local versions of applications being executed byprocessor component 1501. Memory 1502 can include random access memory(RAM), read only memory (ROM), and a combination thereof.

Further, wireless communications device 1500 includes a communicationscomponent 1503 that provides for establishing and maintainingcommunications with one or more parties utilizing hardware, software,and services as described herein. Communications component 1503 maycarry communications between components on wireless communicationsdevice 1500, as well as between wireless communications device 1500 andexternal devices, such as devices located across a communicationsnetwork and/or devices serially or locally connected to wirelesscommunications device 1500.

Additionally, wireless communications device 1500 may further include adata store 1504, which can be any suitable combination of hardwareand/or software, that provides for mass storage of information,databases, and programs employed in connection with aspects describedherein. For example, data store 1504 may be a data repository forapplications not currently executing.

Wireless communications device 1500 may additionally include a userinterface component 1505 operable to receive inputs from a user ofwireless communications device 1500, and to generate outputs forpresentation to the user. User interface component 1505 may include oneor more input devices, including but not limited to a keyboard, a numberpad, a mouse, a touch-sensitive display, a navigation key, a functionkey, a microphone, a voice recognition component, any other mechanismcapable of receiving an input from a user, or any combination thereof.Further, user interface component 1505 may include one or more outputdevices, including but not limited to a display, a speaker, a hapticfeedback mechanism, a printer, any other mechanism capable of presentingan output to a user, or any combination thereof.

Additionally, wireless communications device 1500 may further includeone or more service components for performing the actions describedherein. For example, device 1500 may include service components thatprovide smooth receipt of venue content. Among other components, theseservice components may include service detection, service determination,venue application downloading, venue application deletion, userinterface features, venue coverage determination, and interferencecancellation.

Wireless communications device may further include a locationdetermination component 1506. The location determination component mayinclude various features to determine the location of a mobile device.For example, the location determination feature may include asatellite-based and/or terrestrial-based position determinationcomponent, which may operate to determine the device position orlocation based on local calculations and/or based on communications witha network-based position determination entity. The locationdetermination component may, for example, provide a location of themobile device in terms of latitude and longitude, optionally altitude,and/or in terms of network identifiers, such as an access pointidentifier. Further, in some aspects, for example, a location in a venuemay be determined based on the strength of a signal received by thedevice within the location.

Wireless communications device may further include a service detectioncomponent 1507. The service detection component may include a discoverymechanism that enables the device to automatically detect, in someaspects without active intervention by a mobile device user, thepresence of a venue specific transmission on a particular air interface.Such detection may occur as the mobile device user enters a boundary ofthe area covered by a venue transmission. The boundary may be delimitedby a coverage area of a venue transmitter. In some aspects, boundarydata may be included in a venue transmission, which may trigger themobile device to only decode the venue transmission if the device iswithin the defined boundary.

A venue transmission signal may include PHY and MAC layers. A mobiledevice for receiving a venue transmission may include an enhanced PHYlayer receiving component that includes a feature for programmable FastFourier Transform (FFT) scale factors. This ensures that the signaltransmission of the venue portion of the frame is well within amultipath field of reception and enables a device to receive thetransmission without operating in two different modes. It may alsoinclude a programmable time filter coefficient for the venue portion ofthe frame. This parameter adjusts to assist with efficient receipt ofthe signal.

A mobile device may also include an enhanced MAC layer receivingcomponent. As part of a superframe transmission, Overhead InformationSymbols (OIS) and control channel information may be transmittedtogether as a single overhead Multicast Logical Channel (MLC) with aknown mode and start location. The OIS information may be included in afirst frame, and control channel information may be included insubsequent frames of the superframe. The start of the venue serviceportion of the superframe may be determined from information in a wideand local OIS. The mobile device may attempt to decode a venue overheadMLC. If the decoding is successful, this indicates the availability ofvenue service.

Additional latency may be added in order to allow venue MLC parametersto be programmed to hardware after an OIS reception.

Wireless communications device may further include a servicedetermination component 1508. A service determination component mayinclude a determination mechanism that allows the mobile device todetermine the services being offered at a particular venue, after adevice detects the presence of a venue transmission. Servicedetermination may also include any associated applications and/orwidgets that are required in order to present such services to themobile device user.

Wireless communications device may further include a venue applicationdownloading component 1509. Once the mobile device determines that aparticular venue application is available, a venue applicationdownloading component enables the mobile device to download theapplication to the mobile device wirelessly. Such downloading may bebased on a determination that the application is not already present onthe mobile device, and/or based on user preferences. For example, suchuser preferences may be set to automatically download venue applicationsupon the detection of a particular venue application that is not presenton the mobile device. In contrast, a user preference may require a userselection to allow the application to be downloaded to the mobiledevice.

The mobile device may include a feature that begins to record and storea venue channel to which it is tuned. This channel may include data,audio, and/or video information. The mobile device may automaticallystore information that is broadcast, or may record only portionsselected by a user.

Upon detection of a venue specific application, the device may acquire adirectory flow, or an Initial Acquisition Flow (IAF). Then, using theIAF, the device may determine the flow carrying Application Directoryinformation. This directory information may include availableapplications and services or related metadata such as a URL for anapplication or user interface itself. Based on the metadata, the devicedetermines the applications and user interfaces of interest to thedevice user. The device downloads the application or user interface ofinterest over the venue transmission channel and presents it to theuser. The transmission may include a broadcast or unicast. Any number ofapplications or user interfaces may be provided at a venue anddownloaded.

Wireless communications device may further include a venue applicationdeletion component 1510. The venue application deletion component allowsthe selective deletion of previously downloaded applications. Thefeature may provide for the automatic deletion of a previouslydownloaded venue application once the device moves out of the venuecoverage area. The deletion may occur once the location determinationfeature determines that the mobile device is outside of the venue. Thefeature may also prompt the user to enter a selection that will deletethe application, the prompt being provided when the mobile devicedetermines that the mobile device is outside of the boundary of thevenue. The automatic deletion and the prompt may also include a timerfeature that requires the mobile device to be outside the boundary ofthe venue for a predetermined amount of time before the deletion orprompt occurs. The predetermined time may be a matter of seconds,minutes, hours, or days. The predetermined time may differ based on thetype of venue, and the frequency with which most visitors revisit thevenue. The predetermined amount of time may be preset or may be set bythe mobile device user. For example, a user may choose a predeterminedtime that is longer for a venue that the user revisits often.

Wireless device 1500 may also include a Service Guide Component 1511that processes service guide information received by the wireless device1500. The Service Guide Component may generate a combined service guideincluding information regarding a local area broadcast and a venue-castby integrating venue-cast service guide content into a standard serviceguide format. This component may also format the service guideinformation for display at the access terminal.

The mobile device may display user interfaces that are configured tointegrate real time and non-real time venue content. Dedicated devicesmay contain user interfaces, and may store non-real time content andreceive real time content over the venue broadcast network and thencombine the real time data with the stored, non-real time data inpresenting a user interface. Multiple use devices may receiveover-the-air downloads of user interfaces and applications as necessaryat a venue.

In FIG. 27, in another aspect, in a mobile communication system 2700, adual-mode mobile device 2701 can receive a venue-cast data 2702 by anair link from a venue-cast network 2704 and wide area content 2706 in abroadcast coverage area from a wide area broadcast network 2708. Thevenue-cast network 2704 may include multiple IP multicasting live venuecameras 2710, 2712 as well as static media stored on a multicastingserver 2714 (e.g., Apple Darwin multicasting server for MPEG4, H264 andaudio content). This venue content 2702 is routed by a broadband servicenode (BSN) 2716 that also serves as a multicast base station controller(BSC) for a venue base transceiver system (BTS) 2718, which also may bein communication with a PDSN+BSC router 2720. The wide area broadcastnetwork 2708 has media programs stored in a repository 2722 accessed bya wide area media playback server 2724 and disseminated by a broadcastexciter 2726 (e.g., Rhode & Schwartz Broadcast Tester for generating FLOsignals). Aspects of the mobile device 2701 will be discussed in moredetail below.

Mobile device 2701 may include a computing platform 2730 for supportingthese dual communication channels, integration of media usage, etc.Further, mobile device 2701 may include a hardware platform 2732 havinga mobile software management (MSM) chipset 2734 that serves as processorand controller. A Mobile Display Projector (MDP) or Liquid Crystal Diode(LCD) display 2736 supports presentation of mobile content. AMulti-Level Cell (MLC) based Solid State Drive 2738 provides storage forprograms and data for the computing platform 2730.

With regard to software components 2740 of the computing platform 2730,a mobile media user interface 2742 enables a user to interact with acombined service guide (SG) 2744 on the MDP-LCD display 2736. This SG2744 is merged by application level processing from data received fromdifferent sources and protocols. In particular, a file delivery protocoland/or file delivery control protocol (FDP/FDCP) component 2746 adaptedfor IP serves as a transport mechanism for one portion of a serviceguide 2748. A media distribution system client (MDSC) component 2750routes content. These applications 2746, 2748, 2750 are supported by aBREW™ operating environment (QUALCOMM, San Diego, Calif.) 2752,including an ISockets/INetMgr component 2754, an IDisplay component2756, an IMedia component 2758, and an IFLO component 2760.

The BREW™ environment 2752 is supported by an Advanced Mobile SubscriberSoftware (AMSS) component 2762 including a data stack 2764 with sockets2767 and PSIface 2768, including a QTV component 2770 that serves as aCODEC for preparing the media for presentation and advantageouslyincludes a delay reduction component 2772 that dynamically adjustsbuffering to mitigate display disruptions. The AMSS component 2762 has aFLO stack 2774 and FLOBC Manager 2776 for supporting the receipt of FLOcontent.

In an exemplary implementation, integrated viewing experience forvenue-cast over BCMCS and FLO TV over MediaFLO™ system playback solutionis provided. The computing platform 2730 supports fast switching (e.g.,2-3 seconds or less) between venue-cast and FLO channels, providing aseamless user experience. In some aspects, the optimized UI designoffers compelling venue user experience by providing the user with anoption to select from multiple venue and TV networks, by providing adynamic combination of SG displays depending on user choice of networks,and by providing active prompts to alert the user of venue-castavailability upon entering a venue. Additionally, in some aspects,service terminates smoothly upon departing from venue. In one aspect,the computing platform 2730 can comprise a MediaFLO™ CALLISTO™ FFA (formfactor accurate) handset based on MFLO SW version 3.5 and EV-DO MSM 6801commercial build, EV-DO CSM 6800 SW Rel. 1.4.

Referring to FIG. 28, in one non-limiting example, a dual-mode mobiledevice 2800 can simultaneously or seamlessly alternate between receivinga wide-area broadcast channels 2802 from a broadcast tower 2804 alongwith a wide-area service guide 2806 as well as receiving a venue-castservice guide 2808 from a venue-cast access point (AP) 2810. Forexample, device 2800 may include a switching component 2820 that enablesfast switching between the two services from the two differenttechnologies, thereby providing a seamless user experience. In anotheraspect, the venue-cast AP 2810, depicted as being co-located with alow-power broadcast antenna 2813, can further provide a venue-castchannel 2812 via a unicast, multicast, or broadcast using unlicensedspectrum. Efficient delivery the venue-cast content to wide areabroadcast (e.g., MediaFLO™ system) customers can thus benefit from thelarge geographic footprint of the broadcast tower 2804 used for forwardlink only, which is significantly larger than that of a cellular site.If a venue is significantly smaller than this footprint or if multiplevenues reside within the footprint of one tower 2804, then the broadcasttower may deploy FLO (forward link only) stations, as represented byantenna 2813, of smaller coverage areas, such as having areas in thesize covered by a pico- or femto-cell.

The mobile device 2800 may include an integrated program guide 2814 thatis built from a received venue program guide 2816 and a received widearea broadcast program guide 2818. The shared application fast switchcomponent 2820 maintains signal waveform characteristics of thevenue-cast channel 2812, whether from the AP 2810, as well as for thewide area broadcast channels 2802, in order to enable rapid switching.Thus, a venue-cast can be viewed, as depicted at 2822, on a mobile videouser interface (MVUI) 2824 interchangeably with a selected wide-areachannel, depicted at 2826, on the MVUI 2824.

A venue-cast service discovery component 2830 may discover the presenceof venue-cast network so that the further discovery of the servicecontent of the venue-cast network can be facilitated by the integratedprogram guide 2814. In one aspect, a radio access network (RAN)detection component 2832 can leverage unique characteristics of anunderlying air-interface that delivers the venue-cast. For example, ifthe air interface is EV-DO BCMCS, the service can be discovered bylooking for the BCMCS flow ID of the venue-cast service guide sent inbroadcast overhead message (BOM) on the DO control channel. In anotheraspect, a location-based mechanism 2834 is utilized to aid indiscovering venue-specific services. For example, the venue-castavailability by location (e.g., longitude/latitude coordinates, orcellular BTS ID) can be preprogrammed in the mobile device 2800. Uponentering the designated location, the mobile device 2800 looks for theservice guide and notifies the user if the service guide is found. Inyet another aspect, a user-triggered mechanism 2836 can perform servicediscovery. Further, in some aspects, these discovery techniques can beautonomously triggered. Alternatively or in addition, if the user isaware of the service due to outside information, the user could activatethe user triggered mechanism 2836 to start the application, which thentriggers the terminal to search for venue-cast service guide.

In another aspect, referring to FIG. 29, a mobile communication device2900 provides a seamless user experience between the wide area andvenue-cast content while advantageously annotating the types of content.In particular, a user interface (UI) 2902 displays ascrollable/searchable portion of a service guide 2904. A selected(highlighted) offering 2906 is presented in detail in an upper portion2908 with each listed program provided with an enunciator icon 2910 thatidentifies the channel type (e.g., local venue or wide area) as well asindications as to a media type. The UI 2902 can be a touch screen or canbe accessed by controls depicted as left button 2912, center button2914, right button 2916, cursor arrows 2918, select button 2920, anddial tone multi-function (DTMF) keypad 2922.

The UI 2902 provides access to a Description window 2930 that includes aTV Services Selection option 2932. Upon selection, the UI 2902 presentsa TV Services Selection window 2940 that allows a user to select whetherto enable a wide area broadcast service (“MediaFLO™”) by selecting aradio button 2942 and/or to enable a venue-cast service option (“BCMCS”)by selecting a radio button 2944. In some aspects, the availability ofany option may be indicated, such as an available option being solidlydepicted, whereas an unavailable option may be depicted in phantomlines.

Device 2900 may further include components for decoding a combinedsuperframe signal. A portion of the superframe signal may be used for awide area signal, a portion for a local area signal, and a portion for avenue signal. The signals may also be received as more than one signal,and decoded by the mobile device.

FIG. 30 illustrates aspects of another exemplary access terminal orwireless communications device 3000. Wireless communications device 3000includes processor component 3001 for carrying out processing functionsassociated with one or more of components and functions describedherein. Processor component 3001 can include a single or multiple set ofprocessors or multi-core processors. Moreover, processing component 3001can be implemented as an integrated processing system and/or adistributed processing system.

Wireless communications device 3000 further includes a memory and/ordata store 3002, such as for storing local versions of applicationsbeing executed by processor component 3001. Memory 3002 can includerandom access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), and a combinationthereof.

Wireless communications device 3000 further includes a user interfacecomponent 3005, similar to that described in connection with FIG. 15 andan output mechanism 3006 for outputting audio or video content.

Wireless communications device 3000 includes two antennas 3003 and 3004.A first antenna 3003 may be configured to receiving broadcastcommunication, and a second antenna 3004 may be configured to receive adifferent type of transmission, such as cellular transmissions, unicasttransmissions, or venue-cast transmissions. Alternatively, the firstantenna may be configured to receive transmissions from a macro-network,and a second antenna may be configured to receive transmissions from avenue-cast system.

The wireless communications device 3000 may further include componentssimilar to those described for wireless communications device 1500 inFIG. 15, such as a communications component, a data store, a locationdetermination component, a service detection component, a servicedetermination component, an application downloading component, and anapplication deletion component.

Wireless communications device 3000 may further include a component forprocessing content received on the first antenna 3003, a component forprocessing content received on the second antenna 3004, and/or acomponent for combining content received from each of the antennas 3003and 3004.

III. Service Discovery

In order to receive venue-cast content, an access terminal must receiveinformation regarding the venue-cast. Venue-cast content can be receivedbased on mechanisms suitable for the underlying air interface. Forexample, for EV-DO BCMCS venue-cast for MediaFLO™ service users, thereal-time content can be received via Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP)transported by a DO BCMCS air interface, whereas the non-real timetraffic (clip cast, etc.) can be received by a standard protocol such asFLUTE, or via adaptation of MediaFLO™ file delivery protocol (FDP) tothe IP domain. Access terminals AT, or mobile devices, for receiving thevenue-cast may be provisioned with an application to discover venue-castservice and to receive the venue-cast.

An access terminal configured to receive a venue-cast may include avenue-cast service discovery component that discovers the presence ofvenue-cast network. Service discovery may further include discovery of avenue-cast Service Guide (SG) or an SG with information regarding thevenue-cast.

In one aspect, a radio access network (RAN) detection component canleverage unique characteristics of an underlying air-interface thatdelivers the venue-cast. For example, if the air interface is EV-DOBCMCS, the service can be discovered by looking for the BCMCS flow ID ofthe venue-cast service guide sent in broadcast overhead message (BOM) onthe DO control channel.

In another aspect, a macro network may transmit venue identifierinformation regarding the venue transmission, such as a venue identifierand a channel on which the venue-cast is being transmitted. The venueidentifier may be used by the AT to monitor venue specific channelinformation.

In another aspect, a location-based mechanism is utilized to aid indiscovering venue-specific services. For example, the venue-castavailability by location (e.g., longitude/latitude coordinates, orcellular BTS ID) can be preprogrammed in the mobile device. Uponentering the designated location, the mobile device looks for theservice guide and notifies the user if the service guide is found.

In yet another aspect, a user-triggered mechanism can perform servicediscovery. Further, in some aspects, these discovery techniques can beautonomously triggered. Alternatively or in addition, if the user isaware of the service due to outside information, the user could activatethe user triggered mechanism to start the application, which thentriggers the terminal to search for venue-cast service guide.

FIG. 31 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of service discovery for avenue-cast system via a macro-cell. Upon entering the venue, the AT 3101receives a transmission from the macro BS 3102 with service informationfor accessing the venue-cast. The venue-cast system may include atransmitter for (A) broadcasting, (B) unicasting, or (C) multicastingthe venue content to a venue coverage area or venue cell 3103. Thetransmitter may be, for example, a picocell or femtocell scaletransmitter located within a larger macrocell area 3102. The transmittermay be selected to provide coverage corresponding to the size of thevenue. More than one transmitter may be provided at the venue in orderto provide coverage throughout the venue

The service information may include a dedicated control channel messagewith an identifier for the venue-cast. For example, if the venue-cast isa multicast transmission, the identifier may be a multicast group IDsuch as a Multicast Access Terminal Identifier MATI.

This signal from the macrocell BS includes information regarding thefrequency of the venue-cast transmission and the type of service for thevenue-cast transmission. For example, the transmission from themacrocell BS may include a frequency for the venue-cast transmission andinformation on obtaining a program guide/service guide for thevenue-cast transmission. The program guide may be provided via thevenue-cast system or via a website. If the program guide is provided viathe venue-cast system, the transmission from the macrocell BS instructsthe AT on obtaining the program guide from the venue-cast system. If theprogram guide is accessed via a website, the AT may access the websitevia the macrocell BS.

If the AT is not already, it may be provisioned with an application forthe venue network through the transmission from the macro BS.

As noted above, the transmission from the venue-cast system may be madevia broadcast, multicast, or unicast. If the venue-cast system transmitsvia broadcast or unicast, the venue-cast system only needs to provide aforward link channel for transmitting to an AT. If the system usesunicast, the venue-cast system must also include a reverse link channelfor receiving communication from the AT.

The AT may be provisioned to look for the macrocell signal providing theinformation for the venue-cast system. The AT may be provisioned to lookfor such a signal based on information received from the macrocell, orbased on a location change into a new network. For example, a databasemay store the locations of a number of venue-cast systems. When an ATenters an area covered by a venue-cast system, the AT may look forcontrol channel information.

Referring back, FIG. 20 illustrates a 3G macro network providinginformation regarding service discovery for a venue-cast system. Asdescribed above, the macro network 2001 may transmit venue identifierinformation 2002 regarding the venue transmission, such as a venueidentifier and a channel on which the venue-cast is being transmitted.An AT may receive the venue identifier during its wake up cycle. Thevenue identifier may be used by the AT to monitor venue specific channelinformation. The macro network 2001 may also provide information foraccessing a service guide 2005 for the venue-cast. As discussed above,an AT 2006 may access the service guide via the macro network, via awebsite, etc. The venue-cast transmitter may be a localized access point2003 having a smaller scale, such as a picocell or femtocell. Thevenue-cast system also includes a content server 2004, which may belocal, centralized, or a hybrid configuration using both a local and acentralized server.

Referring to FIG. 32, in one aspect, a state diagram 3200 representsstates for a mobile device participating in venue-casting. Idle state3202 represents a state in which the mobile device is idle. A firstMetaData Update (Power Saving Mode) State 3204 represents a state inwhich the mobile device performs a search for SG metadata, for example,until metadata is decoded or until a timer with a first expirationexpires. A second MetaData Update State 3206 is for searching for SGmetadata, for example, until metadata decoded or until a timer with asecond expiration longer than the first expiration expires. An SG UpdateState 3208 is for searching for a complete SG until it is completelydownloaded or until a timer expires.

With regard to real-time traffic, such as streaming of live orprogrammed media content such as video, audio and timed text, receiveroptimization may be based on RTP packet information. Some aspects mayinclude reuse of a subset of Voodoo processing techniques, includingpacket synchronization and adaptive de-jitter. Further optimizationsprovide a channel switching design with minimal power consumption, avideo decoder configuration, and air interface parameters.

With regard to non real-time service, e.g. clip-cast/file-cast or clipsof multi-media content delivered to the device in file format, thesedelivered files can be stored on the device to be viewed by the user ata later time. A protocol stack can advantageously be based on adaptationof FDP/FDCP to IP.

In some aspects, in order to maintain and enhance the user experience,real-time traffic delivery over venue-cast may include dejitter bufferoptimization. Jitter happens when RTP packets arrive at the AT out oftime order. If a delayed out-of-order packet arrives after the currentframe is rendered, then frames can be dropped, causing video distortion.Current method implemented in MSM (QTV) to address jitter is to use anN-second “pre-roll” buffer, where N is a positive number. For example,if an out-of-order packet does not arrive within the N-second buffer,then the player on the device may pause or may accept video distortion.This solution adds an N-second latency. In many live venue-castapplications, e.g. sportscast in a stadium, even a 2 second totallatency is excessive. Further, for example, the default pre-roll size oftypical internet media players is typically between about 5 and about 10seconds.

Accordingly, in some aspects, the present devices include optimizationof the adaptive pre-roll buffer size. For example, the pre-roll buffersize may be initially set to a value of 250 msec. As out-of-order RTPsare detected by the AT, the AT may slowly increase the pre-roll buffersize to a maximum setting. Further, the AT may slowly decrease thepre-roll buffer size when there are no detected out-of-order RTP packetsfor a set time period. Additionally, the AT may apply RTP fragmentreassembly logic to improve performance.

In another aspect, the user experience is maintained and enhanced, byproviding a venue-cast channel switching design that keeps real-timetraffic delivery as short as practical. A current estimated time basedon air interface elements are as follows: a FLO Air Interface channelswitch is bound by super frame duration (1 sec); and a DO air interfacechannel switch is bound by BOM period (default=2.9 sec).

With regard to delays due to media codec elements, it is desirable tostart play new channel with at least one I frame (buffering is needed).A MediaFLO™ modified H.264 encoder ensures an I frame in every second.An EV-DO BCMCS I frame is every 1-2 seconds depending on video encoderused. The described aspects improve the channel switching time for EV-DOBCMCS with an air-interface parameter change and/or encodermodifications. In one aspect, an air-interface parameter change is toreduce BOM period (current default BOM period is 1 CC=426.66. ms), forexample, to a value feasible for real-time streaming in plug-and-playdeployment in a dedicated carrier in terms of CC capacity. In oneaspect, a media encoder change may include inserting low-quality Iframes every second to allow MSM to reduce the amount of requiredpre-roll buffer storage.

Current expected channel switch time is listed below in TABLE 3:

TABLE 3 From/To FLO (Worst/average) DO (Worst/average) FLO 3/2.5 s4.9/3.5 s DO 3/2.5 s 4.9/3.5 s

An expected improved channel switch time, based on the aspects describedherein, is listed below in TABLE 4:

TABLE 4 From/To FLO (Worst/average) DO (Worst/average) FLO 3/2.5 s1.5/1.22 s DO 3/2.5 s 1.5/1.22 sIV. Service Guide

The format, design and delivery of a venue-cast service guide (SG) mayfacilitate service discovery and integration of the venue SG into amacro-network SG. An AT may access the service guide via the macronetwork, via a website, etc. The service guide may be similar to aMediaFLO™ system type service guide. By providing a common serviceguide, venue specific service guides may be provided independent of thetypes of receiving ATs. To simplify the handset implementation, theservice guide format could be similar to that used for terrestrialmobile TV, with further adaptation to the underlying air interface. Anexample of one aspect of a service guide format design for venue-castover EV-DO for MediaFLO™ users is represented in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Subscription Provisional/ Presentation Method Operational partpart Access part Share with Not required. Reuse. Reuse with MediaFLO ™Venue channel Similar BCMCS-specific (e.g. venue- subscriptioninformation access information cast is a will be bundled is needed for(flow ID, SDP, part of the with FLO venue-cast subnet and sectorMediaFLO ™ channels based content ID info, access package) on FLO SG.delivery. technology, channel correlation) Independent Not requiredReuse with of MediaFLO ™ if MediaFLO ™ BCMCS specific packages serviceis avail- access information able. Venue channel subscrip- tion will bebundled with FLO package through unicast subscription

The service guide may be delivered to the AT in any manner. For example,the following are two illustrative options, which should not beconstrued as limiting.

Option 1: Multicast of service guide delivery. In this case the serviceguide is sent as one of the broadcast flows in the venue-cast network.The transmission duration should be often enough for new users to beable to quickly detect the service guide. For terminal power efficiency,the transmission of the service guide could be separated into full guideand guide metadata, where the full guide is sent over longer intervals(e.g., every minute), while the guide metadata that contains the serviceguide version number can be sent more frequently (on the order of 100ms). As such, an AT may be configured to compare that last versionnumber obtained by the AT with the transmitted version number, and ifthere is a difference, then the AT is triggered to obtain either thewhole service guide or service guide updates representing the changesbetween the version number of the service guide on the AT and theversion number of the latest service guide being transmitted.

Option 2: Unicast service guide delivery. The SG may also be deliveredvia unicast. For example, in one implementation, once the venue-castservice is discovered the user could be directed by the application to alocal website to download the service guide.

In FIG. 33, in one aspect, a venue-cast service guide (SG) structure3300 is depicted wherein SG data 3302 comprises a program name, time,charge, format, etc. block 3304, a meta data block 3306, an XML block3308 and an SDP block 3310. SG Delivery Encapsulation 3312 comprises oneor more of an ALC/FLUTE/FDP block 3314, an HTTP block 3316, and a MSGblock 3318. Physical transport 3320 is provided by one or more networks,such as DO 3322, FLO 3324, and WLAN 3326.

In one aspect, the FLO-DO-WAN venue-cast SG structure is designed basedon that of a MediaFLO™ MPG. Alternatively, an OMA-based SG structuredesign for BCMCS is also available based on OMA standards. For example,a venue-specific addition to the service guide structure may includevenue location information. The physical transport technology isprovided with the venue-cast and associated parameters. Further, in anaspect, an association between venue channels and MediaFLO™ channels canbe complimentary content. With regard to delivery, in an aspect, the SGfor venue-cast is delivered via a DO air link. In other aspects, SGs ofvenue-cast and FLO channels can be integrated on the AT at apresentation level via a unified user interface (UI) application.

In one aspect, venue-cast SG/SG metadata are delivered via two file-castsessions to the ATs. In an aspect, for example, a file delivery formatthat is the same as is used for a clip-cast can be used for the SG data.Further, for example, candidate transmit protocols include ALC, FLUTE,and modified FDP/FDCP. In some aspects, the SG/SG metadata file isdelivered on separate BCMCS flows. In some aspects, SG and/or SGmetadata properties include a data volume that is relatively small(e.g., in units of tens of bytes) and can be transmitted within onechannel cycle (CC). Another property of SG or SG metadata, such asversioning, allows the AT to monitor for a change in the SG to avoidunnecessarily receiving duplicate SG. Allowing less frequent SG filetransmission can reduce the air link bandwidth consumption.

Additionally, in other aspects, SG file properties include a data volumethat can be relatively large (e.g., up to tens of kilobytes). In suchaspects, a complete SG file transmission can take multiple BroadcastOverhead Period channel cycles (CC's). With regard to delivery timingconsiderations, in some aspects, SG metadata is delivered morefrequently than a full SG. For example, in some aspects, a contentserver initiates the SG metadata file delivery session every BroadcastOverhead Period CC. Further, the content server can initiate the SG filedelivery session periodically, and for each delivery session, the SGfile can be repeated multiple times.

V. Exemplary Venue Types

A. Single Attraction Venues

i. Sports Venue

A sports venue is one example of a single attraction venue. Others mayinclude performances such as concerts, plays, competitions, and soforth. Exemplary features will be described for a sports venue. However,these features may be applied to other types of venues.

The sports venue broadcast system may broadcast information includingbanner advertisements; views from in-stadium cameras, bench cameras,crowd cameras, and a camera from the broadcast booth; an audio and/orvisual commentary, such as a play-by-play commentary, alternate languageannouncers; and highlight reels for the teams. In addition, the sportsvenue broadcast system may broadcast data such as a sports ticker fromalternate games, a congestion status for the bathrooms, ClosedCaptioning, locations for mobile vendors, a map of the field showing theplayers on the field, including additional information for theplayers/teams such as formations, statistics, strategies, etc, a venuemap showing services, a menu of food available at the venue, venuerules, a searchable index of sports teams, a searchable index of sportsfacts and/or rules, a merchandise catalog, a team schedule, a venueevent schedule, etc.

Similar information can be broadcast for other single event venues. Forexample, multiple camera views may be transmitted for a concert,lecture, performance, play, and so forth. In addition, venue informationregarding vendors, venue services, venue facilities can be applied toother venues. Rather than team and player information, information maybe provided regarding the production and performers. Alternate languagetranslations and closed captioning may also be provided.

For a multipurpose mobile device, information from these transmissionsmay be downloaded and stored at the mobile device. For example, themobile device may store a venue map of services, menus of availablefood, etc. Dedicated devices may include preloaded data and applicationsto be used in connection with the data transmissions.

A multipurpose mobile device may download such venue specificapplications and information upon entering the venue. The informationmay be downloaded automatically or upon a user selection. As withdownloading applications, receiving and storing the venue specificinformation may occur automatically or may occur based on a user entry.In addition, a user may set preferences within the mobile device tocause the mobile device to automatically receive and store, upon entryinto any venue-cast system, selected types of information that ispreferred by the mobile device user.

For sporting events involving multiple opposing teams the display on themobile device may be themed to fans of the different teams. For example,a welcome screen on the mobile device may prompt a user to select ateam. The welcome screen may be received by a multipurpose device uponentering the venue or preloaded on a dedicated device. FIG. 34illustrates an exemplary welcome screen for a mobile device at asporting event. This initial choice may allow the user interface andinformation displayed by the device to be customized for a particularteam. Once a selection is made, the mobile device may receive anddisplay audio, video, and data information that is targeted to fans forthe selected team. For example, customization may include the use ofteam colors, team logos, and team focused information.

FIG. 35 illustrates exemplary aspects of a user interface that may beused on the device. FIG. 35 shows a live video feed 3501 from at leastone camera at the event. The live feed 3501 may be provided frommultiple cameras at the event. The user interface may include a choiceof camera feature 3502, which displays the current location, within thevenue, of cameras providing live video feeds. The choice of camerafeature 3502 may allows a user to select a video feed from a particularcamera. The camera that is currently selected by the user may beidentified on the display. The device may also include features 3503 formanipulating the video feed such as pause, rewind, and playbackfeatures. The device may further include the ability to e-mailsnapshots, video and/or audio clips, and other information. The videofeed from these cameras may be used to provide highlights, replays, andlive fan reactions. In a racing event such as a NASCAR event, multiplecameras may provide live broadcast from different corners of the racetrack to mobile users in a NASCAR stadium.

The user interface may include information relevant to the sportingevent, such as game statistics 3505 from the current game. The userinterface may further include a feature that allows a user to selectgame statistics 3504 from another game, and to display those gamestatistics as well. The user interface may include a number of options,such as information regarding the teams 3506, information regarding thesport or league 3507, information regarding the venue 3508, informationregarding merchandising deals 3509, and other options 3510. Triviaregarding the sporting event, teams, league, and players can also beprovided.

FIG. 36 illustrates an exemplary variation of team information that maybe displayed. This user interface may continue to provide live videofeed 3601 of the event in a smaller area, while providing access toadditional information 3602 regarding the team. Among other things, ateam roster with options for various positions on the team may beprovided. Such positions may include, for example, offense 3603, defense3604, and special teams 3605. However, any team information may beincluded in this section.

FIG. 37 illustrates an exemplary variation of sport or leagueinformation that may be provided. As shown in this figure,advertisements and merchandising displays 3701 may periodically beprovided to device.

FIG. 38 illustrates an exemplary variation of a user interface for amerchandising information option.

FIG. 39 illustrates an exemplary variation of a user interface providingvenue information. This user interface may display information regardingupcoming events at the venue 3901, historical information regarding thevenue, and location information regarding venue facilities and services3902. As illustrated, a map 3903 may be shown of the venue with locationinformation for restrooms, food vendors, merchandise vendors, security,medical facilities, or any other venue services. As illustrated, thedevice may provide status information 3904 regarding each of the venuefacilities or services. For example, the user interface may displaywhether a bathroom is ADA accessible, whether the bathroom includes ababy changing station, and whether the bathroom is open. For foodvendors, the user interface may display menus, prices, and possiblecoupons or deals.

FIG. 40 illustrates that the user interface may provide additionaloptions such as the ability to change team selection 4001, to display aticker 4002, alternate camera views 4003, and alternate languagepresentations.

As discussed above, these aspects of the venue-cast system and mobiledevice may be applied to other performances and events beyond sportingevents, in addition to multiple attraction venues.

ii. Performance Venue

Another example of a single event venue is a performance venue.Currently, a concert attendee's experience is limited to their line ofsite and content displayed on large screens. Furthermore, attendees arelimited in ways to capture a memory of their concert experience.Attendees can purchase souvenir items and may hold up a camera phonehoping to record a performance. The venue-cast system may enhance theexperience of spectators by transmitting additional content related tothe performance. For example, if the performance is a concert, thetransmitted content may include either pre-recorded content, contentrecorded at the venue, or a combination of both types of content.

Content recorded at the venue may include behind the scenes content,behind the scenes gatherings and/or parties, behind the scenespreparation for the performance, interviews with the artist, live cameraviews of preparation behind the scenes, multiple camera views of theperformance, closer camera views of the performance, and liveaudio/video. This content may be captured, recorded at the network andtransmitted to a receiving device. Alternatively, content may becaptured and transmitted to a receiving device without being stored atthe venue-cast network.

Prerecorded content may include interviews with an artist, prerecordedpractices, recordings of other performances, and commentary on theperformance.

B. Multiple Attraction Venues

Examples of multiple attraction venues include theme parks, fairs, racetracks, shopping malls, casinos, trade shows, conventions, campuses,resorts, cruise ships, zoos, entertainment districts, and retailsuperstores. Although features of the venue-cast system will bedescribed in connection with a theme park, shopping venue, and campus,one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that these features maybe customized and applied to any multiple attraction venue.

The venue-cast system may transmit information and applications relatingto the venue, such as movies, television, performances, parades, anddemonstrations relating to the venue. For example, a theme park maytransmit entertainment content relating to the theme park. A trade showmay transmit a live or prerecorded feed of demonstrations, speakers, ormeetings. The venue-cast system may also transmit audio content such ascommentary, music, and alternative language narration. The venuetransmission system may broadcast data streams including a real-time mapof the venue including the present location of mobile attractions,information regarding congestion, wait times, and merchandise atattractions within the venue. Such mobile attractions may includecharacters at a theme park, parades, and performers. The venuetransmission system may transmit data such as a video channel guide,information regarding the venue services and facilities, historicalinformation about the venue or attractions, attraction previews,attraction specific music, a list of services available and/or open foreach attraction in the venue, and a billing service. The billing servicemay be connected to a user's credit card hotel room, or otherregistration for the venue.

As with the other aspects described in this application, the venue-castsystem may be configured to transmit to dedicated device and/ormulti-purpose devices. Applications that might be preloaded on dedicateddevices may be downloaded to multipurpose devices. The applications mayuse stored information in combination with real time data. The userinterfaces may be displayed in the same manner or in a different mannerdedicated devices and multi-purpose devices.

i. Theme Park

FIGS. 41-50 illustrate exemplary features of a venue-cast system for atheme park. FIG. 41 illustrates an exemplary user interface for a mobiledevice used with the venue-cast system. The device may havevenue-oriented user interfaces to provide an enhanced user experience atthe venue. As illustrated in FIG. 41, a user interface may include aninteractive map 4101 of the venue showing the various attractionsavailable at the theme park. This user interactive map may include waittimes, performance times, or other information regarding each of theattractions. The wait time may be periodically updated with informationreceived from the venue-cast system.

The interactive map may include icons that, when selected, display apop-up 4201 with detailed attraction information, as shown in FIG. 42.In this example, the attraction selected was a parade. The parade pop-up4201 shows a time until the next showing, a brief description of theparade, and an image from the parade. The attraction information mayinclude age information, audio and/or video clips, retail information,or any other information that might be helpful to a theme park visitor.

FIG. 43 shows exemplary aspects of a pop-up 4301 for a restaurant. Amongother information, a restaurant pop-up 4301 might show food options,menus, a current wait time, a description of the type of food, and anage recommendation. FIG. 44 shows an exemplary pop-up 4401 for venueservices. Although this Figure shows a bathroom and related information,such pop-ups might also be provided for telephones, ATMs, informationdesks, and emergency service facilities.

The user interface may further include selections that provide access toadditional features or information. FIG. 41 shows a first selectiontitled “What's Happening” 4102, a second selection titled “Day Planner”4103, a third selection titled “Park TV” 4104, a fourth selection titled“Hot Deals” 4105, a fifth selection titled “Options” 4106, and a sixthselection titled “Display Options” 4107. Although six selections areillustrated, any number of selections may be provided in the userinterface. An area may be reserved at a portion of the screen fordisplaying merchandising information, advertising, etc. as shown at4108.

As shown in connection with the “What's Happening” element, an optionmay provide additional information about temporary or mobile events andattractions. FIG. 45 illustrates an example, where information isprovided for a mobile event. In this figure, directions 4501 are givento have a picture taken with a costumed character. A time and locationmay be given, as well as an amount of time until the event. Theinteractive map may be configured to highlight the location of the eventsuch as by using a marker.

FIG. 45 also shows some possible display options 4502. The displayoptions selection may provide any number of display options. Forexample, the options may highlight attractions, rides, retail shops,restaurants, and/or restrooms, as shown in FIG. 39. If one of theseoptions is selected, such items will be shown via a marker on theinteractive map 4503. Among others, additional options 4501 such asstores, rides, performances, events, parades, tours, and alternatelanguages may also be provided as options.

As shown in FIGS. 46 and 47, the “Day Planner” element may assist theuser in generating an itinerary based on input from the user regardingwhich attractions they would like to visit. The trip planner maygenerate the itinerary by taking into account a combination ofinformation such as the location of each attraction, broadcasted orstored wait times for each attraction, and current position informationregarding the current position of the device. This option may includeaspects of the visit planning application discussed below in connectionwith FIG. 52. FIG. 46 illustrates an exemplary user interface requestingfrom a user a selection of desired activities and attractions to visit.FIG. 47 illustrates aspects of an exemplary user interface displaying asuggested itinerary after a visit planning application has been used.

FIG. 48 illustrates exemplary features of the “Park TV” element. Anoption may provide functionality to view live events occurring withinthe venue or allow the user to access preloaded content on the device,such as video clips, music, etc. This option may also include theability to pause, rewind, replay, and further manipulate the content.

As illustrated in FIG. 49, the “Hot Deals” element, may displaymerchandising deals to the user. FIG. 49 illustrates a few examples ofreduced price merchandise. FIG. 49 also shows a coupon code 4901. Othermeans of providing the discount to the device user may be provided, suchas a bar code, etc. The coupon code may be used to track use of theoffer by mobile device users, as discussed above. The Hot Deals sectionmay describe location information for the merchandise deal, and may showthe location using a marker on the interactive map.

These merchandise deals may be received via the venue transmissionsystem. Thus, they may be updated at any time. They may also be receivedbased on the geographic location of the device, and may be designed bythe broadcast system to manage a crowd, placate customers, and encouragevisitors to visit less frequented attractions or areas.

As illustrated in FIG. 50 the “Options” element may provide additionaldisplay options. FIG. 50 illustrates a few exemplary options that allowthe user to select whether to display an analog or digital clock 5001,whether to display a message board 5002, and what language format to usein the display 5003.

ii. Shopping Venue

Shopping venues are another example of a multiple attraction venue. Avenue-cast system in a venue including shopping attractions maybroadcast content regarding special sale items tracked in real time,movie trailers, long-form puff ads, product documentaries, coupons, aninteractive map, and other video, audio, and data.

A device may store or receive transmissions of location based content.The location based content may be associated with a defined location.The device may automatically access or display the location specificcontent upon the device entering the defined location.

The location may be defined using latitude and longitude coordinates orin terms of venue signal strength, as described above. The mobile devicemay periodically or continuously determine its location. When thelocation of the mobile device is determined to be within the definedlocation, the device accesses the location based content.

For example, the device may store content relating to a food court or toa specific store. Once the device enters the food court or the specificstore, the device displays the content. The device may also include aprocessor that automatically switches to a channel targeted to the foodcourt or store. The device may also receive information regardingtransportation routes and schedules, such as bus or trolley stops andschedules relating to the venue. The device may also receive informationregarding special events or hours for the shops or other attractionswithin the venue.

A dedicated device may be preloaded with applications and data regardingthe shopping venue. This preloaded information may be used in connectionwith real time venue data transmissions. A multi-purpose device maydownload and store any of the applications and data that can bepre-loaded on a dedicated device.

The device may further include any of the features described above inconnection with other multi-attraction venues or other single eventvenues.

iii. Campus

A campus includes multiple events and attractions such as classes,shops, food vendors, campus services, performances, dances, speakers,club meetings, athletics, sporting events, housing, dining options,museums, libraries, exhibits, transportation options, recreationoptions, and other events. The features discussed above may be appliedto a venue-cast system for a campus. An interactive map may be providedfor the campus. Information may be transmitted via the venue-cast systemregarding upcoming events. The venue-cast system may also provideinformation regarding offers and specials at dining options and formerchandise or supplies. Additional information specific to campuses maybe included in the venue-cast system, such as class information,transmission of lectures and meetings, library information, and studentservices information.

VI. Exemplary Use Cases

A. Location Based Merchandising

Aspects of the venue-cast system may also include a broadcast offersystem, which broadcasts advertisements or offers to encourage mobiledevice users to visit a particular location within a venue. Althoughthis aspect is described using an exemplary broadcast system, unicastand multicast transmission may also be used. The system may target thebroadcast to the entire venue, or in contrast, may target at least onebroadcast stream to a particular area within the venue. The system mayinclude multiple broadcast streams, each targeted to a particular areawithin the venue. In that manner, the system could function similarly tothat described in connection with FIG. 18, wherein the areas 1856, 1860,1864 and 1868 are each within the venue. Each of these inter-venuebroadcasts may be continuous, periodic, or one-time.

In some aspects, a location-based merchandising system may additionallyinclude feedback information 1878 corresponding to one or more of theareas 1856, 1860, 1864 and 1868 within the venue, wherein the feedbackinformation 1878 is configured for use to formulating subsequent contentfor broadcast. Feedback information 1878 may include, but is not limitedto, data such as a state or status of merchandise or an attraction in agiven area. For example, one or more monitoring devices 1880 may belocated in each of the areas 1856, 1860, 1864 and 1868 within the venue,or in association with an attraction or with merchandise, such that eachmonitoring device 1880 provides the state or status information to a TS1830 in the form of feedback information 1878. TS 1830 may additionallyinclude logic for subsequently adjusting the broadcast of content basedon the received feedback information 1878.

For example, in some aspects, the system may be configured to broadcastan automatic coupon delivery at areas with customer servicedifficulties. For example, a coupon or other reward may be automaticallydelivered at an area that is crowded or shut down, as identified viafeedback information 1878, either to compensate the customers within thearea, placate or otherwise occupy the customer, or to encourage movementof the customers to a different area. For example, the coupon or rewardmay be for an attraction or merchandise in the current area, in order tocompensate the customer for remaining in the area, or for an attractionor merchandise in a different area to encourage customer movement. Inaddition to a coupon or reward, entertainment content (graphics, video,audio/music, etc.) may be broadcast for consumption by the customer.Thus, when a customer having a mobile device arrives at an area where avendor or attraction has been shut down or has service difficulties, acoupon, reward, or entertainment content is delivered via the broadcastsystem to the mobile device as a way to distract or placate the mobiledevice user.

In another aspect, a broadcast stream may be targeted to include areward for a mobile device for entering a less-trafficked area withinthe venue. For example, feedback information 1878 may include results oflocal monitoring of customer traffic in an area, or the system maydetermine this type of feedback information based on other methods oftracking the location of mobile devices. In any case, a broadcast streammay also be sent with an advertisement or incentive to visit aless-trafficked area of the venue. For example, a broadcast stream mayinclude an offer from a vendor located at a distance from a popularattraction or a congested area to encourage movement to the vendor.

In other aspects, offers may be broadcast based on a time and/orlocation basis. For example, a transmission may include a broadcaststream including an offer, at a given time of day corresponding to aless-trafficked time for a first food vendor, where the broadcast streamis targeted to an area corresponding to a location of a second popularfood vendor in order to divert business to the first food vendor.

In another aspect, offers may have a variable value component based ontime and/or location. For example, a food vendor may target offershaving an increasing value to areas having an increasing distance from alocation of the vendor. For instance, offers targeted for area adjacentto the vendor may include a first smaller incentive, such as a 10% costreduction for a purchase, whereas offers targeted to areas beyond theadjacent areas may include a second relatively larger incentive, such asa coupon with greater than 10% off a purchase.

In addition, the offers may be targeted based purely on time. Forexample, at 10:00 AM, a coupon may be delivered for 10% off a purchaseof a breakfast item at a food vendor, at 11:00 AM, a coupon may bedelivered for 20% off a purchase of a breakfast item at the same foodvendor, and at 11:30, a coupon may be delivered for 25% off a purchaseof a breakfast item at the same food vendor.

Any combination of the time and location basis may be used for targetingan offer. Thus, the broadcast system can encourage the direction oftraffic and reduce crowding in an indirect and non-intrusive manner.

In further aspects, messages can be created and broadcast at any time.This allows a venue to monitor congestion, wait times at attractions,and less-trafficked areas, and to create and send offers andadvertisements accordingly.

The broadcast system also may facilitate or provide an additionalvirtual attraction 1882, such as a scavenger hunt within the venue. Thescavenger hunt may include broadcasts of clues, e.g. location-specificinformation 1884, to encourage the mobile device user to visit andengage with various locations within the venue. As the mobile deviceenters a location, the mobile device may automatically tune to abroadcast stream based on a determination of its location correspondingto the defined geographic area associated with the broadcast stream. Forexample, such a broadcast stream may include information regarding thescavenger hunt, such as clues corresponding to the respective location.In addition to entering a location to which a broadcast stream istargeted, the broadcast stream may also provide information to encourageor require the mobile device user to interact with an item at thelocation in order to receive additional information for the scavengerhunt.

The system may also include a tracking component 1886 in order todetermine the effectiveness of the broadcast advertisement or offer. Forexample, coupon-type information may be broadcast, including a couponcode. Information regarding the time that the coupon code was broadcast,the time at which the coupon code was received and viewed on a mobiledevice, and the time at which a customer redeems the coupon code can betracked, for example, by a client application on the respective mobiledevice. The coupon code may include, but is not limited to, anidentifier such as a written code, a barcode to be displayed on thescreen of the mobile device, etc. In some aspects, for example, such abar code may be scanned at a time of redemption or verification, such asby a point of sale (POS) device when purchasing an item or by an entrydevice upon entering an event. Such a POS or entry device may berepresented by monitoring device 1880, such is in communication withsystem, for example, such that once the code is received, the associateddata regarding the time at which the mobile device user viewed thecoupon and the time of redemption, e.g. the feedback information 1878,are received and stored by tracking component 1886 for use in furtheranalysis. For example, tracking component 1886 may include analysislogic 1888, such as but not limited to algorithms, neural networks,fuzzy logic, etc., to determine or predict information based on feedbackinformation 1878. Such determinations or predictions may include, forexample, marketing analysis to determine an effectiveness of each couponin each area.

As noted above, such coupon information may be targeted to specificlocations within the venue, similar to the description in connectionwith FIG. 18. Each mobile device 1870, 1872, 1874 and 1876 may beconfigured to determine and log its location, and then to check and seeif there is a coupon available for the location. Alternatively, or inaddition, each mobile device may be configured to continuously monitorfor broadcasting of offers, and to receive a broadcast offer uponentering a given area. Thus, through operation tracking component 1886,a venue can determine the persuasiveness of an offer and can monitor theability of such offers to encourage visitors to attend various areaswithin the venue.

B. Attraction Identifier

A number of attractions within a venue may be mobile attractions. Forexample, such attractions may include but are not limited to parades,mobile performers or costumed characters, mobile retail kiosks, andmobile food vendors. As these attractions or elements of a venue aremobile, they can be difficult for visitors to find. In the describedaspects, the location of mobile attractions can be tracked, and suchinformation can be transmitted to a mobile device via a venuetransmission system.

For example, referring to FIG. 51, in one aspect, a unique identifier5161 is associated with a mobile attraction 5163. For example, theunique identifier 5161 may be an identifier of a transmitter 5165. Amongothers, the identifier may be a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)tag or a WiFi transmitter. If the mobile attraction is a costumedcharacter, the RFID tag may be attached to the costume. The transmitter5165 transmits a signal 5167 including the unique identifier 5161 andfurther indicating a location 5169 of mobile attraction 5163.

In some aspects, a venue system 5171 receives the signal 5167 from thetransmitter 5165. For example, a venue management server 5173 may obtainand store the information from signal 5167 in association with mobileattraction 5163, for example, in an attraction database 5181. Attractiondatabase 5181 may include one or more fields 5183 for each attractionidentifier 5161 corresponding to a mobile attraction. The fields 5183may include, but are not limited to, a daily schedule field, amanagement field, and a current location field. The information receivedvia signal 5167, e.g. current location 5169, may be used to update thecurrent location field for the mobile attraction. This updatedinformation may then be transmitted over the venue transmission system.

For example, via TS 5130, the venue transmission system 5171 maytransmit a venue transmission 5173 including the location information5168 to identify the location of the mobile attraction 5163.Accordingly, a mobile device 5175 receiving the venue transmission 5173thereby receives the location 5169 of the mobile attraction 5163. Forexample, a mobile device 5175 may include a client application 5177configured to generate, e.g. visually display or audibly announce, thelocation 5169 to a user. For example, the location 5169 of the mobileattraction 5163 may be displayed on a map of the venue.

In another aspect, the venue system 5171 and/or the mobile device 5175may store a general schedule 5179 for the mobile attraction 5163. Thecurrent location 5169 of the mobile attraction 5163, received fromsignal 5167, may be used to update the general schedule 5179. Also, themobile device 5175 may receive alerts updating the general schedule 5177based on newly received location information for an attraction.

In another variation, the mobile device 5175 may include a receiver 5176for receiving the signal 5167 from the transmitter 5165 as mobileattraction 5163 moves into range of the transmitter 5165. Upon receivingthe signal 5167, the mobile device 5175 may provide location information5169 for the mobile attraction 5163 to a user. For example, the mobiledevice 5175 may display the location of the mobile attraction or updatea general schedule for the mobile attraction, as discussed above. Inaddition, the mobile device may provide an alert to a user regarding themobile attraction. For example, if the mobile attraction is a costumedcharacter, the mobile device 5175 may provide an alert that the costumedcharacter is nearby and provide detailed information regarding thecostumed character's location.

In this variation, receiving the signal 5167 may also trigger the mobiledevice 5175 to obtain information from the venue-cast system 5171.

In another variation, the attraction 5163 may not be mobile. Forexample, a restaurant or other attraction may have an identifier 5161associated with its location 5169. As the mobile device 5175 approachesthe vicinity of the restaurant and receives the signal 5167, the mobiledevice 5175 may provide an alert to the user. For example, the alert maybe a coupon or advertisement for the restaurant.

Thus, this aspect may be used to encourage consumers to move around thevenue and to respond to congestion. The alerts may be provided for lessvisited or less obvious attractions. Congestion levels may be monitored,and mobile attractions such as costumed characters may be directed tomove away from crowded areas in order to encourage crowds to disperse.

Information from the signal 5167 associated with the identifier 5161and/or attraction 5163 that is received by a venue-cast system may alsobe used to locate key employees or to study work flow at large venues orvenues having a large number of employees.

In addition to tracking mobile attractions 5163, an attractionidentifier 5161 may be used to generate interest in merchandise items.For example, an identifier 5161 may be attached to rare merchandiseitems such as limited quantity items or collectibles. The location 5169of these items may be transmitted via signal 5167 in association withtheir respective identifier 5161. As such, the location 5169 of theitems, e.g. the attraction 5163, may be provided to a consumer at themobile device. In addition, an alert may be provided to the user toinform them about the item and its location. If a limited number of theitems are available for purchase, an alert may be provided to the mobiledevice user each time one of the items is purchased. By providing alertsabout the number of items that have sold or the remaining number ofitems, the system may create a sense of urgency in a customer toencourage the customer to purchase the item.

As an example, a theme park venue may have one-of-a-kind items, such asoriginal cell paintings used in making cartoons or films related to thetheme park. A cell painting may have an identifier such as an RFID tagthat transmits a signal. The signal can be received by the venue systemand the location of the item may be transmitted to a mobile device alongwith information regarding the importance of the item. The RFID signalmay also be received directly by the mobile device, and the device mayalert the user that an item of interest is nearby. This can encouragevenue visitors to visit the store to view the original cell painting.The importance of the item may be described at its display location. Assuch, a customer that was not originally interested in purchasing thecell painting may become interested based on the alert or after viewingthe item.

C. Visit Planning

Often, venues include multiple attractions. Among others, a multipleattraction venue may be, for example, a theme park having a number ofrides, performances, retail shops, restaurants, and costumed characters;a fair having rides, performances, events, and competitions; a shoppingcenter with stores, performances, and restaurants; a campus withclasses, meetings, and other events; or a trade show with multiplevendors, performances, speakers, meetings. Each ride, event,performance, or attraction may have a certain popularity, age limit,waiting time, etc. It can be very difficult for a visitor to decide on asequence of attractions that they wish to visit in a limited amount oftime. For venues including a plurality of attractions, a venue visitplanning application may be provided that includes an algorithm forassisting a mobile device user in determining which attractions to visitand at what time.

The visit planning application may be provided for download to amultipurpose mobile device that enters the venue area and may bepre-loaded on dedicated devices. The visit planning application may usea combination of pre-stored and real time venue information receivedover a venue broadcasting system to assist a user in planning whichvenue attractions to visit. The visit planning application may also useinformation input by the mobile device user in combination with thevenue information.

Among others, such user input information may include a designation ofdesired attractions, a rating for types of attractions, an user age andan amount of time to be spent in the venue.

For example, the visit planning application may consider any combinationof the following variables before providing an attraction sequence list:a current or average wait time for the attraction, a general or userspecific rating of the attraction, the age of the mobile device user,general or user specified interest in types of attractions, distancefrom the current location of the mobile device to the attraction, areaspreviously covered by the mobile device, and the current availability ofan attraction.

FIG. 52 illustrates exemplary steps that may be taken in a visitplanning application. This figure illustrates aspects of an algorithmthat plans visits to attractions based on availability of theattraction, a mobile device's desire to visit the attraction, an agelimit of the attraction, and a distance to the attraction. This ismerely an illustration of aspects of the visit planning application. Theapplication may include any combination of the above describedconsiderations.

First, in step 5201, the mobile device determines a current location ofthe mobile device either by user input or by a location determinationfeature. Then, the application lists the existing attractions in step5202. At step 5203, the application determines whether each of theexisting attractions is available. This determination may be made usinginformation broadcast at the venue or based on a downloaded list ofavailable dates and times and comparing it to the date and timedetermined by the mobile device. At step 5204, if an attraction isunavailable, the application removes the attraction from the list. Theapplication returns to step 5203 until the availability of each of theattractions has been determined.

The application determines whether the attraction has already beenvisited in step 5205. Previously visited attractions are removed fromthe list, in step 5206. These steps continue until all previouslyvisited attractions are removed.

Then, the application uses an indication of user desire to visit theattraction in step 5207. If the user has not indicated a desire to visitthe attraction, the attraction is removed from the list in step 5208.These steps continue until only user desired attractions remain.

In step 5209, the list compares an age input by the user of the mobiledevice with any age requirements for the remaining list of attractions.If the required age is greater than the age input by the user, theattraction is removed from the list in step 5210.

Then, the application determines the distance from each remainingattraction to the current location of the user in step 5211. In step5212, the application calculates the time, Td, required to reach eachride from the current location. In step 5213, the application finds thewait time, Tw, for each ride. The wait time, Tw, may be a current waittime received from the venue broadcast system. In addition, the waittime may be an average wait time for the attraction. As the wait timeoften changes according to the time of day, the application may takeinto consideration the various average wait times based on a time of thepotential visit to the attraction. In step 5214, the applicationdetermines a total time for visiting the attraction Tt, which is equalto the sum of the time required to reach the attraction and the waittime for the attraction, or Tt=Td+Tw. In step 5215, the applicationdetermines the attraction with the minimum attraction visit time Tt inthe remaining list of attractions. This attraction is selected. Theselected attraction may be provided as a suggested option and thisattraction may be added to a sequence list as the first attraction.

If the application is creating a list of attractions to visit, theapplication may then remove the current location, illustrated as step5216 and perform a calculation to find a second attraction having theminimum total visit time Tt from the location of the first selectedattraction. The application does this by replacing the determinedcurrent location with the location for the first attraction in thesequence list, in step 5217. The second attraction is then added to thesequence list. The application may continue the calculations until apredetermined number of attractions are listed or until each of thedesired attractions are included in the sequence list. The applicationmay also stop when a combined total time for visiting the selectedattractions exceeds the amount of time the user will spend in the venue.An attraction sequence list may be created in step 5218. Thepredetermined number of attractions may be one, so that the applicationrecalculates a next attraction each time a mobile device user finishes avisit to a previously selected attraction. This may enable theapplication to most effectively use a current wait time being broadcastby the venue broadcast system. Rather than selecting only oneattraction, the application may be configured to provide the mobiledevice user with a predetermined number of attractions having the lowesttotal visit time, so that the user may select among the attractions. Thepredetermined number may be preset or selected by a user. For example,the application may display the top three attractions that will have thelowest total visit time.

D. Venue Departure Detection

As every visitor to a venue may not have a mobile device, the venue mayprovide rental mobile devices capable of receiving targeted venuebroadcasts. As it is often difficult to collect all rental devices at anexit, the rental mobile device may include a mechanism to remind a userto return the device once the user reaches the venue exit.

The rental mobile device may include a position determining application,such as GPS. The rental mobile device determines the current position ofthe device and determines if the device is either (1) determined to beat the periphery of the venue or (2) determined to be within apredetermined area of the venue. If the mobile device is determined tobe either at the periphery or within the predetermined area, the mobiledevice starts an alarm on the rental mobile device to alert the user toreturn the rental mobile device.

One variation may include defining a venue periphery in terms oflatitude and longitude and storing the information in the rental mobiledevice. A central point of the venue may also be defined. The devicecontinues to detect its current location and to compare its location tothe defined venue periphery and central point. If the current locationof the device is between the central point and the defined periphery,the device does not sound the alarm. When the device is determined notto be between the central point and the periphery, the device triggersthe alarm.

Another variation may include defining an area in latitude and longitudefor each exit gate, the defined area including a small periphery aroundthe exit gate. The defined area is stored in the device. The devicecontinues to detect its current location and to compare its location tothe defined area. If the current location of the device falls within thedefined periphery of the exit gate, the device triggers the alarm tosignal the user to return the device.

In addition to using a location determination to trigger an alarm, arental device can be configured to trigger an alarm based on thedetected signal strength of a venue broadcast system. As the venuebroadcast system is limited to the venue periphery, the strength of thesignal received by a rental device is another way to determine whetherthe device is at the periphery or outside the venue. A strength of thevenue broadcast signal is determined at the periphery of the venue. Thisperipheral signal strength is stored in the mobile device. The mobiledevice monitors the signal strength received from the venue broadcastsystem and compares it to the stored peripheral signal strength. Whenthe power of the signal falls below the peripheral signal strength, thedevice triggers the alarm. The device may be configured to trigger thealarm only after the monitored signal falls below the peripheral signalstrength for a predetermined duration. In order to make sure that thesignal power received at an exit gate is low, a directional antenna maybe used.

E. Delivery of Content for Storage

Aspects of the venue-cast system may include a broadcast, multicast, orunicast system for distributing content to be stored at an accessterminal. Exclusive venue content may be transmitted to access terminalsat the venue for storage on the access terminal. Among other things, theexclusive content may include a recording of a performance or event at avenue, an edited summary clip of the performance or event, otherrecordings, an application related to the venue, and a coupon/offer fora venue related item.

Similar to the distribution of coupons and offers described in above,the coupons and offers may include a variable value component based ontime and/or location.

The exclusive content may be streamed for storage simultaneously withthe broadcast of other venue-cast content that is not configured forstorage.

For example, at a concert live content may be broadcast, such asalternate camera angles. At any time, additional venue-cast content maybe streamed to a receiving access terminal for storage on the accessterminal. For example, one venue-cast channel may broadcast live concertcontent, such as multiple camera angles, to access terminals while asecond channel broadcasts exclusive content to be stored at the accessterminal. This exclusive content is saved at the access terminal forlater consumption.

As the exclusive content is stored at the access terminal, any type ofdigital rights management may be applied to the stored exclusivecontent. The content may include temporal, geographic, and otherlimitations to storage and access.

Often, attendees to a concert or performance will arrive before aperformance. By offering exclusive content at the performance, thevenue-cast system offers exclusive performance content to a targetedaudience waiting for and/or attending the performance. This may includean exclusive content package that fans cannot obtain elsewhere. Bydistributing exclusive applications such as games for storage at anaccess terminal, the venue-cast system further entertains a waitingaudience. The venue-cast system also allows for a more efficient use ofthe existing investment in production. For example, audio and/or videorecordings of the performance may already be captured for otherpurposes. This also provides an additional form of souvenir that allowsthe performance attendee to save a memorable reminder of theirexperience. By providing a high quality recording of the actualperformance attended by a fan, the venue-cast system reduces themotivation for piracy. By distributing coupons or offers relating to aconcert or performance, the stored content promotes purchases by theattendee.

FIG. 53 illustrates exemplary aspects of a venue-cast systemtransmitting content for storage at a performance venue 5301. Although aperformance venue is illustrated, aspects may be applied to any venue.The venue-cast system may include a distribution center 5302 thatdistributes venue content via a transmitter 5303. The venue distributionnetwork may receive both pre-recorded content 5304 and content recordedlive during a performance, such as via multiple cameras 5305. Both thepre-recorded content 5304 and the content 5305 recorded during theperformance may be recorded at a production quality level. Althoughcameras 5305 are illustrated, the distribution network may receive audioand/or video recordings during the performance. As described in moredetail below, the venue-cast system may operate in cooperation with alarger macrocell 5306 that provides a mobile device 5307 withinformation on accessing the venue-cast.

Security mechanisms may be provided to limit access to the transmission.For example, receipt of the transmission may be limited to concertattendees, or to a subgroup of concert attendees. This subgroup mayinclude attendees paying an additional fee.

The exclusive content from the performance may also be used to broadenthe performance audience. For example, the content may be offered tousers beyond the performance venue. These variations may be applied toother single or multiple attraction venue-cast systems.

XI. Security and Billing

Another aspect includes providing a mechanism for efficiently billingthe venue-cast services to an end user in a reliable way. This aspectincludes suitable security features applied to the venue-casttransmission and providing a subscription to the venue-casttransmission. The venue-cast system may include a Conditional AccessSystem to grant access to transmissions to mobile device users based onpredetermined criteria. The predetermined criteria may limit access todedicated devices, to devices within a predefined geographic boundary,or to devices with a subscription to the venue transmission system. Thevenue-cast service may be part of the MediaFLO™ service package. Inaddition, users may subscribe to the venue-cast service for a period oftime, such as for a day spent at the venue. A subscription may also beoffered and obtained on the spot, via the venue-cast system.

Billing may be provided as an aspect of use of the venue-cast system.Billing may be carried out in a number of ways. For example, billing maybe carried out using a CSR or as part of a purchase at a venue. A mobiledevice's usage of the venue transmission system may also be tracked andbilled to a user.

Returning to FIG. 1, exemplary security and billing aspects of avenue-cast system are depicted. In some aspects, the multimode mobiledevice 104 subscribes, depicted as paying a fee 120, to the venue-castnetwork 108 in order to receive keys (e.g., decryption) 122 that enableaccess to broadcast 112 and/or venue-cast 132. For example, themultimode mobile device utilizes a cellular or wireless two-directiondata channel in order to subscribe (not shown). The identity of thismobile device 104 and subscription keys, depicted at 124, are sharedwith a local mobile data network 126 (e.g., EV-DO) that receivesvenue-cast content from provider 128 (e.g., live video feed;venue-specific clips; etc) and distributes it by data packet unicast ormulticast via AP 118.

It should be appreciated with the benefit of the present disclosure thatsecurity associated with an air-interface specific architecture can beincorporated. For example, in EV-DO BCMCS, if a BCMCS controller is usedin the service discovery and information acquisition procedures, then akey exchange mechanism in BCMCS can be used for venue-cast. Thevenue-cast service provider could receive revenue in one or combinationof the following mechanisms. First, advertisement and/or sponsorship canbe arranged, in which case the service could be offered to the end userwith no charge. Alternatively or in addition, subscription via flat feeto one of the terrestrial mobile TV service packages can be offered. Theterrestrial mobile TV network then delivers the relevant service keys toboth the user and the venue-cast network. The authentication mechanismcould be based on the underlying air interface for venue-cast. Forexample, for delivering venue-cast over EV-DO BCMCS to MediaFLO™ systemusers, the user can subscribe to a venue-cast package from the MediaFLO™system. The MediaFLO™ system network then dispatches the service key forthe venue-cast package to both the user and the BCMCS network. Bothsides then generates broadcast access key (BAK) based on the service keyto encrypt and decipher the content. Alternatively or in addition,subscription at the spot or at the venue can be supported. In this casethe venue-cast application would direct the user to a local website forinstant subscription, after which the relevant key parameters can bedelivered to the user, for example, by the venue-cast network viaunicast.

Authentication, depicted at 130, over a bi-directional venue-castwireless channel 132 can serve as a usage measure that is communicatedfrom the local mobile data network 126 to the media broadcast network108 or the cellular network 150, as depicted at 134, for purposes suchas compensation for a venue (sporting franchise, theme park, etc.).

FIG. 54 illustrates a variation on venue-cast encryption. A registrationkey 5401 is a pre-provisioned key stored in a device 5404 and also inthe AAA. A broadcast access key (BAK) 5402 provides access to one ormore IP flows for a certain amount of time. For example, access may beprovided for a day, a week, a month, etc. A short term key SK 5403 isderived by the device 5404 from a BAK 5402 and a random valuetransmitted along with the encrypted content. It is not transmitted overthe air. FIG. 54 shows that content is encrypted using a unique andshort term key SK 5403. The encrypted content is transmitted to a device5404. The device decrypts the content using the same SK 5403, which isderived at the device from a BAK 5402 and a random value transmittedalong with the encrypted content 5405. Application level encryption maybe provided for the entire file.

FIG. 55 shows a security procedure for one aspect of unicast streaming.The security procedure may be performed at the beginning of a connectionsetup. A device generates a digital signature of a dynamic URL using aservice key. A server 5501 provides a dynamic URL for content access. Adevice 5502 requests a session with the assigned URL and its digitalsignature generated using a service key. A venue-cast server 5503verifies the signature based on the service key and once verified,accepts the request to establish a unicast session.

In order to limit the reception of venue-cast information to thoseinside a venue, a service key may be delivered locally, upon entering avenue. For example, it may be desirable to limit the reception of aconcert targeted venue-cast to those who purchased tickets to theconcert and are inside the concert venue.

As illustrated in FIG. 56, a key delivery mechanism 5601 may be providednear entrances 5602 to provide ATs entering the venue 5603 with a tokenidentifier. The transmission coverage area 5604 of the key deliverymechanism 5601 may be set up to cover the entrance area 5602 of thevenue 5603. As the AT 5605 passes through the entrance, it passesthrough the transmission area of the key delivery mechanism and receivesthe key. The key delivery mechanism may be, for example, a blue tooth orNear Field Communications (NFC) type device that transmits a signal 5606with a token identifier or other key to be used by the AT to decrypt avenue-cast. A subscription may still be required, but the delivery ofthe key may limit the users able to subscribe to those users that passthrough the entrance of the venue.

With reference to FIG. 57, illustrated is a system 5700 capable ofperforming service discovery for a venue-cast transmission and receivingthe venue-cast transmission. For example, system 5700 can reside atleast partially within a transmitter, mobile device, etc. It is to beappreciated that system 5700 is represented as including functionalblocks, which can be functional blocks that represent functionsimplemented by a processor, software, or combination thereof (e.g.,firmware). System 5700 includes a logical grouping 5702 of electricalcomponents that can act in conjunction. For instance, logical grouping5702 can include a module for receiving an overhead signal from anon-venue network 5704.

Further, logical grouping 5702 can comprise a module for extractinginformation for receiving a venue specific transmission from theoverhead signal 5706. Therefore, the system may discovery the existenceof a venue level transmission by monitoring a signal from a non-venuenetwork. Furthermore, the system may extract the information necessaryto receive the venue level transmission from an overhead signal from thenon-venue network. Furthermore, logical grouping 5702 can comprise amodule for tuning to receive the venue specific transmission based onthe extracted information 5708. Additionally, system 5700 can include amemory 5710 that retains instructions for executing functions associatedwith electrical components 5704, 5706, and 5708. While shown as beingexternal to memory 5710, it is to be understood that one or more ofelectrical components 5704, 5706, and 5708 can exist within memory 5710.

It should be apparent that the aspects herein may be embodied in a widevariety of forms and that any specific structure, function, or bothbeing disclosed herein is merely representative. Based on the teachingsherein one skilled in the art should appreciate that an aspect disclosedherein may be implemented independently of any other aspects and thattwo or more of these aspects may be combined in various ways. Forexample, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practicedusing any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, such anapparatus may be implemented or such a method may be practiced usingother structure, functionality, or structure and functionality inaddition to or other than the one or more of the aspects set forthherein.

It is to be recognized that depending on the aspect, certain acts, orevents of any of the methods described herein, can be performed in adifferent sequence, may be added, merged, or left out together (e.g.,not all described acts or events are necessary for the practice of themethod). Moreover, in certain aspects, acts or events may be performedconcurrently, e.g., through multi-threaded processing, interruptprocessing, or multiple processors, rather than sequentially.

As used in this application, the terms “component,” “module,” “system”and the like are intended to include a computer-related entity, such asbut not limited to hardware, firmware, a combination of hardware andsoftware, software, or software in execution. For example, a componentmay be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, aprocessor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program,and/or a computer. By way of illustration, both an application runningon a computing device and the computing device can be a component. Oneor more components can reside within a process and/or thread ofexecution and a component may be localized on one computer and/ordistributed between two or more computers. In addition, these componentscan execute from various computer readable media having various datastructures stored thereon. The components may communicate by way oflocal and/or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal havingone or more data packets, such as data from one component interactingwith another component in a local system, distributed system, and/oracross a network such as the Internet with other systems by way of thesignal.

Furthermore, various aspects are described herein in connection with aterminal, which can be a wired terminal or a wireless terminal. Aterminal can also be called a system, device, subscriber unit,subscriber station, mobile station, mobile, mobile device, remotestation, remote terminal, access terminal, user terminal, terminal,communication device, user agent, user device, or user equipment (UE). Awireless terminal may be a cellular telephone, a satellite phone, acordless telephone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, awireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), ahandheld device having wireless connection capability, a computingdevice, or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem.Moreover, various aspects are described herein in connection with a basestation. A base station may be utilized for communicating with wirelessterminal(s) and may also be referred to as an access point, a Node B, orsome other terminology.

Moreover, the term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” ratherthan an exclusive “or.” That is, unless specified otherwise, or clearfrom the context, the phrase “X employs A or B” is intended to mean anyof the natural inclusive permutations. That is, the phrase “X employs Aor B” is satisfied by any of the following instances: X employs A; Xemploys B; or X employs both A and B. In addition, the articles “a” and“an” as used in this application and the appended claims shouldgenerally be construed to mean “one or more” unless specified otherwiseor clear from the context to be directed to a singular form.

The techniques described herein may be used for various wirelesscommunication systems such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA and othersystems. The terms “system” and “network” are often usedinterchangeably. A CDMA system may implement a radio technology such asUniversal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), cdma2000, etc. UTRA includesWideband-CDMA (W-CDMA) and other variants of CDMA. Further, cdma2000covers IS-2000, IS-95 and IS-856 standards. A TDMA system may implementa radio technology such as Global System for Mobile Communications(GSM). An OFDMA system may implement a radio technology such as EvolvedUTRA (E-UTRA), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM etc. UTRA and E-UTRA are part ofUniversal, Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). 3GPP Long TermEvolution (LTE) is a release of UMTS that uses E-UTRA, which employsOFDMA on the downlink and SC-FDMA on the uplink. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTEand GSM are described in documents from an organization named “3rdGeneration Partnership Project” (3GPP). Additionally, cdma2000 and UMBare described in documents from an organization named “3rd GenerationPartnership Project 2” (3GPP2). Further, such wireless communicationsystems may additionally include peer-to-peer (e.g., mobile-to-mobile)ad hoc network systems often using unpaired unlicensed spectrums, 802.xxwireless LAN, BLUETOOTH and any other short- or long-range, wirelesscommunication techniques.

Various aspects or features are presented in terms of systems that mayinclude a number of devices, components, modules, and the like. It is tobe understood and appreciated that the various systems may includeadditional devices, components, modules, etc. and/or may not include allof the devices, components, modules etc. discussed in connection withthe figures. A combination of these approaches may also be used.

The various illustrative logics, logical blocks, modules, and circuitsdescribed in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may beimplemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a digitalsignal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit(ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmablelogic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardwarecomponents, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functionsdescribed herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor,but, in the alternative, the processor may be any conventionalprocessor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processormay also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., acombination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality ofmicroprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSPcore, or any other such configuration. Additionally, at least oneprocessor may comprise one or more modules operable to perform one ormore of the steps and/or actions described above.

Further, the steps and/or actions of a method or algorithm described inconnection with the aspects disclosed herein may be embodied directly inhardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in acombination of the two. A software module may reside in RAM memory,flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, a harddisk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage mediumknown in the art. An exemplary storage medium may be coupled to theprocessor, such that the processor can read information from, and writeinformation to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storagemedium may be integral to the processor. Further, in some aspects, theprocessor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. Additionally,the ASIC may reside in a user terminal. In the alternative, theprocessor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in auser terminal. Additionally, in some aspects, the steps and/or actionsof a method or algorithm may reside as one or any combination or set ofcodes and/or instructions on a machine readable medium and/or computerreadable medium, which may be incorporated into a computer programproduct.

In one or more aspects, the functions described may be implemented inhardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implementedin software, the functions may be stored or transmitted as one or moreinstructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readablemedia includes both computer storage media and communication mediaincluding any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer programfrom one place to another. A storage medium may be any available mediathat can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and notlimitation, such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM,CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or othermagnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carryor store desired program code in the form of instructions or datastructures and that can be accessed by a computer. Also, any connectionmay be termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if software istransmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using acoaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line(DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave,then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, orwireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave areincluded in the definition of medium. Disk and disc, as used herein,includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatiledisc (DVD), floppy disk and blu-ray disc where disks usually reproducedata magnetically, while discs usually reproduce data optically withlasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within thescope of computer-readable media.

In yet another aspect of the present invention, a service andapplication management framework for venue-specific services is providedto manage applications that may be delivered and/or used in connectionwith a venue. Services or applications that are relevant and availableonly at specific venues may need to be managed to enhance a user'sexperience. Consider a multitude of venues and different applicationsthat may be required to interact with the data available at suchdifferent venues. As an example, at a shopping mall, a user may desireaccess to: an interactive map application on his/her handheld whichhelps the user navigate the mall; a coupons application; an inventoryapplication; and/or a restaurant seating/ordering application. When theuser travels to a different venue like a sports stadium, a different setof application may be needed to access the data available in that venue,e.g. a video application providing the user with videos of live actionfrom the ongoing game; and a news application providing scores andstatistics from games around the country. When a user moves betweenvenues that have different services available, there are somefundamental problems: —upon entering a given venue, discovering whatservices are available—once the available services are known, presentingthe appropriate applications for the user so that they may access thoseservices. —once the user leaves the venue, cleaning up the applications(both to control dispersion of content and to free up resources on thewireless device).

A service layer may, for example, be provided as a channel over onbroadcast or it may be accessed interactively via unicast. The servicelayer may provide information about which services are available in agiven venue. For example, the service layer (or channel) may provideinformation about the applications are needed to access services and howto obtain such applications (available over a unicast connection at aspecific URL or being broadcast over a broadcast system like FLO). Theapplication information may contain metadata including an identificationof which version of the application can be used on particular devices(to accommodate the multitude of devices and the fact that differentdevices probably need different builds of applications—ex. Windowsmobile app vs Brew app). The application information may also containmanagement rules, for example: providing an expiration date for when theapplication must be deleted (ex. once the user leaves the venue, 2 daysafter the user leaves the venue); how long an application can haveaccess to content (like video footage at sports games) downloadedthrough the application (ex. content deleted as soon as user leaves thevenue, content available for a month after the user leaves the venue,etc.). Such applications may also be signed for security.

A management agent may be provided on the wireless device to interactwith the service layer. Such a management agent may be configured to berunning all the time or it may be manually or automatically activatedupon entry to a venue. The management agent receives information fromthe service layer to identify and download the applications needed toaccess venue services based on user interest and device capabilities.The management agent may notify a user about the availability of suchservices via a popup on their device or similar means and may access theapplications. Once the user is done accessing the applications or leavesthe venue, the applications may be deleted based on the managementrules.

While the foregoing disclosure discusses illustrative aspects and/oraspects, it should be noted that various changes and modifications couldbe made herein without departing from the scope of the described aspectsand/or aspects as defined by the appended claims. Furthermore, althoughelements of the described aspects and/or aspects may be described orclaimed in the singular, the plural is contemplated unless limitation tothe singular is explicitly stated. Additionally, all or a portion of anyaspect and/or aspects may be utilized with all or a portion of any otheraspect and/or aspect, unless stated otherwise.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for discovery of a venue specifictransmission, comprising: receiving an overhead signal from a non-venuenetwork, wherein the overhead signal is received from a mobile broadcastnetwork having a coverage area in which the venue is located; extractinginformation for receiving the venue specific transmission from theoverhead signal; tuning to receive the venue specific transmission basedon the extracted information; receiving the venue specific transmissionduring a first time slot in a mobile broadcast transmission; andreceiving a transmission from the non-venue network during a second timeslot that overlaps and extends beyond the first time slot.
 2. The methodof claim 1, further comprising: receiving the transmission from thenon-venue network only on a reserved portion of a frequency band duringthe first time slot.
 3. A method for discovery of a venue specifictransmission, comprising: receiving an overhead signal from a non-venuenetwork on a frequency band, wherein the overhead signal is receivedfrom a mobile broadcast network having a coverage area in which thevenue is located; extracting information for receiving the venuespecific transmission from the overhead signal, wherein the informationfor receiving the venue specific transmission includes information abouta type of venue specific transmission and an energy ratio for the venuespecific transmission; and tuning to receive the venue specifictransmission based on the extracted information.
 4. A method fordiscovery of a venue specific transmission, comprising: receiving anoverhead signal from a non-venue network on a frequency band, whereinthe overhead signal is received from a mobile broadcast network having acoverage area in which the venue is located; receiving a second overheadsignal from a venue transmitter on the frequency band, wherein furtheridentification information for the venue specific transmission isincluded within the second overhead signal; extracting information forreceiving the venue specific transmission from the overhead signal; andtuning to receive the venue specific transmission based on the extractedinformation.
 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the overhead signal froma non-venue transmitter is received during a first time slot and thesecond overhead signal from the venue transmitter is received during asecond time slot reserved for venue transmission overhead information.6. A method for discovery of a venue specific transmission, comprising:receiving a pilot positioning channel signal, wherein a first portion ofthe pilot positioning channel signal is received from a non-venuenetwork and a second portion of the pilot positioning channel signal isreceived from a venue transmitter; receiving an overhead signal from thenon-venue network on a frequency band, wherein the overhead signal isreceived from a mobile broadcast network having a coverage area in whichthe venue is located; extracting information for receiving the venuespecific transmission from the overhead signal; and tuning to receivethe venue specific transmission based on the extracted information. 7.The method of claim 6, wherein a third portion of the pilot positioningchannel is reserved portion of the frequency band that is reserved fortransmissions from the non-venue network during an inactive state. 8.The method of claim 6, further comprising: storing information regardinga geographic boundary for the venue transmission; monitoring a currentlocation; and when the current location is within the geographicboundary for the venue transmission, searching for the venuetransmission.
 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the extractedinformation includes at least one of a frequency on which the venuetransmission is transmitted, a venue identifier, a type of venuetransmission, and information on obtaining a service guide for the venuetransmission.
 10. The method of claim 6, further comprising: detectingavailability of a supplemental service guide; and requesting thesupplemental service guide via one of a unicast, a scheduled multicast,and a scheduled broadcast.
 11. An apparatus for receiving a venuespecific transmission, comprising: means for receiving an overheadsignal from a non-venue network, wherein the overhead signal is receivedfrom a mobile broadcast network having a coverage area in which thevenue is located; means for extracting information for receiving thevenue specific transmission from the overhead signal; means for tuningto receive the venue specific transmission based on the extractedinformation; means for receiving the venue specific transmission duringa first time slot in a mobile broadcast transmission; and means forreceiving a transmission from the non-venue network during a second timeslot that overlaps and extends beyond the first time slot.
 12. Theapparatus of claim 11, further comprising: means for receiving thetransmission from the non-venue network only on a reserved portion of afrequency band during the first time slot.
 13. A computer programproduct, comprising: a non-transitory computer-readable mediumcomprising: code for causing a computer to receive an overhead signalfrom a non-venue network, wherein the overhead signal is received from amobile broadcast network having a coverage area in which the venue islocated; code for causing a computer to extract information forreceiving a venue specific transmission from the overhead signal; codefor causing a computer to tune to receive the venue specifictransmission based on the extracted information; code for causing acomputer to receive the venue specific transmission during a first timeslot in a mobile broadcast transmission; and code for causing a computerto receive a transmission from the non-venue network during a secondtime slot that overlaps and extends beyond the first time slot.
 14. Thecomputer program product of claim 13, wherein the non-transitorycomputer-readable medium further comprises: code for causing a computerto receive the transmission from the non-venue network only on areserved portion of a frequency band during the first time slot.
 15. Anapparatus for receiving a venue specific transmission, comprising: areceiver for receiving an overhead signal from a non-venue network,wherein the overhead signal is received from a mobile broadcast networkhaving a coverage area in which the venue is located, the receiver isconfigured to receive the venue specific transmission during a firsttime slot in a mobile broadcast transmission, and the receiver isconfigured to receive a transmission from the non-venue network during asecond time slot that overlaps and extends beyond the first time slot; aprocessor for extracting information for receiving the venue specifictransmission from the overhead signal; and a communications componentfor tuning to receive the venue specific transmission over resourcesreserved only for venue specific transmission.
 16. The apparatus ofclaim 15, wherein the receiver receives at least a portion of thenon-venue network transmission and the venue specific transmission on afrequency band, and wherein the receiver is configured to receive thetransmission from the non-venue network only on a reserved portion of afrequency band during the first time slot.
 17. An apparatus forreceiving a venue specific transmission, comprising: a receiver forreceiving an overhead signal on a frequency band from a non-venuenetwork, wherein the overhead signal is received from a mobile broadcastnetwork having a coverage area in which the venue is located, and thereceiver is configured to receive the venue specific transmission on atleast a portion of the frequency band; a processor for extractinginformation for receiving the venue specific transmission from theoverhead signal, wherein the information for receiving the venuespecific transmission includes information about a type of venuespecific transmission and an energy ratio for the venue specifictransmission; and a communications component for tuning to receive thevenue specific transmission over resources reserved only for venuespecific transmission.
 18. An apparatus for receiving a venue specifictransmission, comprising: a receiver for receiving an overhead signal ona frequency band from a non-venue network, wherein the overhead signalis received from a mobile broadcast network having a coverage area inwhich the venue is located, the receiver is configured to receive thevenue specific transmission on at least a portion of the frequency band,the receiver is configured to receive a second overhead signal from avenue transmitter on the frequency band, and further identificationinformation for the venue specific transmission is included within thesecond overhead signal; a processor for extracting information forreceiving the venue specific transmission from the overhead signal; anda communications component for tuning to receive the venue specifictransmission over resources reserved only for venue specifictransmission.
 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the overhead signalfrom a non-venue transmitter is received during a first time slot andthe overhead signal from the venue transmitter is received during asecond time slot reserved for venue transmission overhead information.20. An apparatus for receiving a venue specific transmission,comprising: a receiver for receiving an overhead signal on a frequencyband from a non-venue network, wherein the overhead signal is receivedfrom a mobile broadcast network having a coverage area in which thevenue is located, the receiver is configured to receive the venuespecific transmission on at least a portion of the frequency band and apilot positioning channel signal, wherein a first portion of the pilotpositioning channel signal is received from the non-venue network and asecond portion of the pilot positioning channel signal is received froma venue transmitter; a processor for extracting information forreceiving the venue specific transmission from the overhead signal; anda communications component for tuning to receive the venue specifictransmission over resources reserved only for venue specifictransmission.
 21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein a third portion ofthe pilot positioning channel is reserved portion of the frequency bandthat is reserved for transmissions from the non-venue network during aninactive state.
 22. The apparatus of claim 20, further comprising:memory storing information regarding a geographic boundary for the venuetransmission; a location determination component configured to monitor acurrent location of the apparatus; and a service detection componentconfigured to search for the venue specific transmission when thecurrent location is within the geographic boundary for the venuespecific transmission.
 23. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein theextracted information includes at least one of a frequency on which thevenue transmission is transmitted, a venue identifier, a type of venuetransmission, and information on obtaining a service guide for the venuetransmission.
 24. The apparatus of claim 20, further comprising: aservice guide component for detecting availability of a supplementalservice guide, wherein the service guide component is further configuredto request the supplemental service guide via one of a unicast, ascheduled multicast, and a scheduled broadcast.
 25. An apparatus fordiscovery of a venue specific transmission, comprising: means forreceiving an overhead signal from a non-venue network on a frequencyband, wherein the overhead signal is received from a mobile broadcastnetwork having a coverage area in which the venue is located; means forextracting information for receiving the venue specific transmissionfrom the overhead signal, wherein the information for receiving thevenue specific transmission includes information about a type of venuespecific transmission and an energy ratio for the venue specifictransmission; and means for tuning to receive the venue specifictransmission based on the extracted information.
 26. An apparatus fordiscovery of a venue specific transmission, comprising: means forreceiving an overhead signal from a non-venue network on a frequencyband, wherein the overhead signal is received from a mobile broadcastnetwork having a coverage area in which the venue is located; means forreceiving a second overhead signal from a venue transmitter on thefrequency band, wherein further identification information for the venuespecific transmission is included within the second overhead signal;means for extracting information for receiving the venue specifictransmission from the overhead signal; and means for tuning to receivethe venue specific transmission based on the extracted information. 27.The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the overhead signal from a non-venuetransmitter is received during a first time slot and the second overheadsignal from the venue transmitter is received during a second time slotreserved for venue transmission overhead information.
 28. An apparatusfor discovery of a venue specific transmission, comprising: means forreceiving a pilot positioning channel signal, wherein a first portion ofthe pilot positioning channel signal is received from a non-venuenetwork and a second portion of the pilot positioning channel signal isreceived from a venue transmitter; means for receiving an overheadsignal from the non-venue network on a frequency band, wherein theoverhead signal is received from a mobile broadcast network having acoverage area in which the venue is located; means for extractinginformation for receiving the venue specific transmission from theoverhead signal; and means for tuning to receive the venue specifictransmission based on the extracted information.
 29. The apparatus ofclaim 28, wherein a third portion of the pilot positioning channel isreserved portion of the frequency band that is reserved fortransmissions from the non-venue network during an inactive state.
 30. Acomputer program product, comprising: a non-transitory computer-readablemedium comprising: code for causing a computer to receive an overheadsignal from a non-venue network on a frequency band, wherein theoverhead signal is received from a mobile broadcast network having acoverage area in which the venue is located; code for causing a computerto extract information for receiving a venue specific transmission fromthe overhead signal, wherein the information for receiving the venuespecific transmission includes information about a type of venuespecific transmission and an energy ratio for the venue specifictransmission; and code for causing a computer to tune to receive thevenue specific transmission based on the extracted information.
 31. Acomputer program product, comprising: a non-transitory computer-readablemedium comprising: code for causing a computer to receive an overheadsignal from a non-venue network on a frequency band, wherein theoverhead signal is received from a mobile broadcast network having acoverage area in which the venue is located; code for causing a computerto receive a second overhead signal from a venue transmitter on thefrequency band, wherein further identification information for a venuespecific transmission is included within the second overhead signal;code for causing a computer to extract information for receiving thevenue specific transmission from the overhead signal; and code forcausing a computer to tune to receive the venue specific transmissionbased on the extracted information.
 32. The computer program product ofclaim 31, wherein the overhead signal from a non-venue transmitter isreceived during a first time slot and the second overhead signal fromthe venue transmitter is received during a second time slot reserved forvenue transmission overhead information.
 33. A computer program product,comprising: a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising: codefor causing a computer to receive a pilot positioning channel signal,wherein a first portion of the pilot positioning channel signal isreceived from a non-venue network and a second portion of the pilotpositioning channel signal is received from a venue transmitter; codefor causing a computer to receive an overhead signal from the non-venuenetwork on a frequency band, wherein the overhead signal is receivedfrom a mobile broadcast network having a coverage area in which thevenue is located; code for causing a computer to extract information forreceiving a venue specific transmission from the overhead signal; andcode for causing a computer to tune receive the venue specifictransmission based on the extracted information.
 34. The computerprogram product of claim 33, wherein a third portion of the pilotpositioning channel is reserved portion of the frequency band that isreserved for transmissions from the non-venue network during an inactivestate.